338 The American Naturalist. [April 
eneral Notes. 
GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY. 
The Discovery of a New Fauna in the Cenozoic Beds 
near Zagreb, and its Relations with the Recent Fauna ofthe 
Caspian Sea.—For a number of years, Professor Brusina of the 
University of Zagreb has been studying the Molluscan fauna of that . 
region. In a recent publication he reports finding a wonderfully rich 
fossil bed at Markusevic from which he obtained 101 species, over half 
of which are new. A generic comparison of the fauna of Markusevie 
with that of Okruljak shows that the Pelecypoda are the dominant 
‘type in the latter locality, while the gasteropods prevail in the for- 
mer. A comparison of the fauna of these two localities in Croatia 
with the recent fauna is of extreme interest. To quote Professor Bru- | 
sina, “They seem to have relations with the fauna of Lake Baikal; 
my ‘new genus, Baglivia, is similar to the genus Liobaikalia Martens 
(Leucosia Dybowski). Also some of our Valvata recall some species 
of the same genus which live in Lake Baikal. 
` “T have mentioned the genus Caspia. Dr. W. Dybowski, to whom 
we are indebted for the most important papers on the Gasteropods of 
Lake Baikal and of the Caspian Sea, created this genus for a series of 
small species which live in the Caspian Sea. Now, I have discovered 
near Zagreb several fossil species of the same genus. In a paper pub- 
lished in 1884, I established the genera Zagrabica and Micromelania 
for some fossils found near Zagreb; in 1891, in the work referred to 
‘on the recent Molluscs in the Caspian Sea, Dybowski describes several 
species of Micromelania and one species of Zagrabica now living m 
that sea. Thus, the genera Zagrabica, Micromelania, Caspia and Lim- 
nocardium (Adacna), fossil in Croatina, are to-day living in the Cas- 
pian Sea. It is, then, evident that the present fauna of this sea is the 
remnant of the rich fauna of the Congeria beds of Austria, eed 
Banat, Croatia, Slavonia, Servia, etc., although, quite recently this fac 
has been doubted. f 
“A comparison between the fossil fauna of the neighborhood a 
Zagreb with the recent fauna of the Caspian Sea destroys the hy p pe 
eses of Humboldt, Peschel, Middendorf and others, concermng a. 
origin and relationship of the Caspian Sea and of its present cg 
‘While these authors claim the origin of the fauna of the Caspian ‘aia 
in the Black and circumpolar seas, my studies and my researches po 
me to look for its origin in the pre-pleistocene Cenozoic beds of Cro 
