356 The American Naturalist. [April, 
tion in the form, material or grade of relics discovered, rested on the 
cave earth and limestone. No trace of “ Paleolithic Man” or “ Mound 
Builder,” “Pigmy” or “ Welshman” underlaid the familiar black 
band 3 feet 8 inches at thickest, that betrayed the well-known maker 
of shell-mixed pottery, bone awls, chert arrowheads, shell beads, 
drilled sandstone and clay pipes. The Indian, as known to the white 
discoverer, bringing with him a neolithic culture learned elsewhere, 
coming as high in the scale as he departed, and who had, as I found, 
laid the bones of his dead upon inner ledges of the cave and cast them 
dried and clean with arrowheads, potsherds, and broken perforated 
gorgets upon mortuary fires in a subterranean chasm 250 paces from 
the entrance, had alone inhabited the cave. 
Paleontology would assert no antiquity for his occupancy as judged 
by the 29 living and 2 extinct species of fauna found with the refuse 
Some animals, traced by their bones in the fire places, like the Spade- 
Footed Toad, the Bat and the Tortoise, though the contemporaries or 
successors of the cave inhabitant, may have found their way into the 
midden heap to die, while the remains of the Unio, (7 species), To, (2 
species), Trypanostoma and Paludina, (2 species), and of the Catfish, 
Sucker, Drumfish, Land Tortoise, Water Tortoise, Soft-Shelled Turtle, 
Wild Turkey, Marmot, Lynx, Opossum, Squirrel, Raccoon, Otter ef 
Deer, sometimes split and scorched, generally disassociated with sige 
and but.once showing traces of rodent gnawing, inferred the hunter $ 
capture of food in river and forest and his carrying of larger animal 
trunks decapitated to the cave feast. : 
A bone of the extinct Peccary lying in the refuse repeated the dis- 
covery madein Queen Esther’s chamber of Durham Cave, Penis 
nia. But the teeth of the Tapir (Tapirus haysti), and the "o 
ramus ofan extinct Edentate of the family of Megatheriidæ kindly ete 
fied with all the other bones by Professor Cope, found by us 1m pee 
5 (8rd foot) and close to the bottom of the layer of occupancy, une 
a new species and another genus to the list of (northwardly) see 
American mammals thus far observed in like association with ‘i af 
remains. Still we had not positively. found that the Indian ha “Pe 
this gentle South Americanherbiyoreandan animal like the giants? 
Megalonyx or Mylodon, in the mountainous region of the pile 
Tennessee, for 1 foot 9 inches of the original red cave earth ae 
undisturbed and free from bones when examined, under the 7 a 
refuse. The Tapir teeth and edentate jaw lying where found, : 
the bottom of the refuse and close to this lower stratum, may if 
been imbedded in the latter before the Indian came, so that ! 
