1894,] Entomology. 443 
what more than .50 inch. If cases are examined during the winter a 
large number will be found empty, these being old ones which adhere 
to the twigs longer than one season, or else are those which produced 
males. In every one which produced a female the preceding summer 
will be found an oblong brown cylindrical object tapering a little at one 
extremity, but blunt and with a ragged opening at the opposite end 
through which the adult insect escaped; for these are the deserted 
pupal skins of the female. Each appears at first to be full of a pow- 
dery material, but on removing some of this the minute soft whitish 
eggs will be observed packed closely so as to fill the greater part of the 
skin. 
‘ The bag-worm. a, larva; 4, pupa; c, adult female; g, adult male; ¢, bag contain- 
ing eggs; f, bag containing larva; g, young larvæ, with conical cases, (From Riley)- 
a The adult female of the bag-worm is a very singular creature, look- 
ing more like a worm than a moth, incapable of flight, having no rudi- 
ments of wings, and with only minute and functionless legs. The very 
scales of the greater part of her body are abortive, and are rubbed off 
to constitute the powdery material in which the eggs are packed. 
Being incapable of flight the most she can do is to wriggle down to 
the opening at the lower end of her case where she meets the winged 
mate, and then in the same manner wriggles back to her empty pupa 
egg in which she carefully placed her eggs for safe-keeping during the 
Winter. Finally with an astonishing solicitude for the walfare of her 
Prospective young, she deserts the case, drops to the ground, and dies 
shortly afterward. Is it possible that this pulpy mass, exhausted, with 
Nothing more to live for, with death certain and at hand, understands 
