1894.] Archeology and Ethnology. 447 
I do not deny that the hammer was used for many different pur- 
poses, but assert that its shape proves it to be intended for stone work- 
ing, and not for corn bruising. 
(4) I think that this is answered under No.1. I deny that the 
“Coup-de-poing ” materially differs from the “turtle-back.” Both are 
apparently unfinished implements. The “turtle-back” presents its 
refractory part in a ridge down the center of a proposed implement. 
The refractory part of a “ coup-de-poing ” is on its periphery, and is 
generally due to a knot in the stone. No two stones have the same 
fracture ; the same stone will show a variety of fracture in a given 
vein, 
(5) Polished implements have been found in the caves also in the 
clays, and in the bogs; in localities entitling them to be classed as of the 
quaternary period with as much claim of right as any chipped stone. 
(6) Admits that pottery is not to be expected in the drift. 
The admission that European cave classification requires revision 
carries with it the admission that it is erroneous. 
I fully realize that it is considered by a very large class of archeolo- 
gists as heterodox, to deny the existence of a paleolithic period. The 
classification of paleolithic periods into those of St. Acheul, Chelles, 
Mousterian, Magdalenian, etc., is demonstrably inaccurate, and needs 
revision and simplification. The advocates of paleolithic man assert 
that his mechanical development was so low, that the only stone work 
which he was capable of performing, was to knock flakes from stones 
with afew blows at most and subsequently to use them as cutting 
implements, by holding them in the naked hand, yet they admit that 
While he was in this low stage of mechanical development he was pos- 
sessed of artistic attainments, and that he could and did etch or 
engrave the representations of animals on stone, bone and ivory and 
that he could at this time make the gravers and other tools which such 
Work required. : 
They further assert that he went through a distinct period extending 
over centuries, in the gradual development of the art of chipping stone, 
until finally he made chipped implements of exquisite shape whic 
cannot now be duplicated. At the time when he had scarcely learned 
to chip rough flakes on one side, it is shown that Paleolithic man 
made needles of bone with eyes carefully drilled through them, apr 
he made bone pins and ground them, that he fashioned spear heads 0 
bones with barbs or opposite sides, that he organized Soa 
ment and recognized in the Batons-de-Commandment the insignia 
of rank ; these articles being found with an arctic fauna necessitate the 
