1894.] Archeology and Ethnology. 449 
(b) The later time, called Neolithic, of still existing species and cli- 
mate, with man an agriculturist possessor of the dog, goat and hog, 
who chipped and could also polish stone and make pottery. 
Prof. Dawkins passes by the questioner who might here ask whether 
the first described man was really paleolithic, and accepts without hes- 
itation the two custom honored titles, Paleolithic and Neolithic, as 
labels for his paleontological periods. 
But if M. Dupont found the celebrated earthen bowl along with 
boar, horse, urus, chamois, goat, wildcat, hare, beaver, and reindeer 
bones, in the Trou du Frontal (on the Lesse near Furfooz) and at the 
Engis Cave (near Liege), a potsherd at the same spot where Dr. 
Schmerling had found his “ Philosopher’s” skull along with Mam- 
moth, horse, hyena and bear bones in 1833; and if a bit of pottery 
was really found in the layer of cave bear, cave lion, rhinoceros, 
hyena, bison and mammoth bones, at Surignac Cave (Haute Garrone, 
France), after a farmer named Bonnemaison had mixed up the layers 
and lost the human bones; if pottery was found in the alleged paleo- 
lithic caves of Nabrigas (Prof. Joly), Vergisson (M. Fery), and Trou 
Rosette; and if MM. de Puydt and Lohest found three burned pot- 
sherds about nine feet down in the La Biche aux Roches Cave (near 
Spy, Belgium), under elephant and rhinoceros bones; then the word 
paleolithic, devised to signify an early non-pottery-making, non-stone- 
polishing stage of human culture, would lose mnch of its meaning. 
Sir John Lubbock, when called upon to defend his word and its 
notion that man chipped a long time before he polished stone, cannot 
look for support to the flaking Australians, who, in the Kamalarai 
Country, used a ledge of. sandstone rock as an axe polisher (Frazer's 
Aborigines of New South Wales, Sydney, p. 76) and often ground 
tomahawks and grooved axes (Brough Smith’s Aborigines of Victoria, 
1, p. 366, figs. 177, 178, 183, 189); though he may, it seems, look to the 
recently (about 1850) extinct Tasmanians, who never appear to have 
Polished or got beyond chipping stone tools that resemble what M. 
de Mortillet calls Mousterian flakes. 
It is the paradoxical mixing of the fauna of the above named earlier 
or paleolithic time in Europe that chiefly interests Prof. Dawkins and 
Would call for such explanations as alternate periods of heat and cold, 
as hippopotamus and reindeer migrations, and as the preservation of 
animal carcasses in ice as food for later carnivora; to account for 
certain caves where, to the confusion of the naturalist, the bones of 
the boreal Mammoth and tropical Hippotamus are mixed together, 
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