1894.] Geography and Travels. 507 
The appearance of the sides of the gorge below the falls and the 
zigzag line of the river suggests that the falls have receded from the 
edge of the plateau to their present position, a distance of twenty-five 
miles. Ifit has taken six thousand years to cut the Niagara gorge 
where the water acts on a soft shale rock supporting a stratum of lime- 
stone, what an immensity of time is involved in assuming that the 
Grand River Cañon has had a similar history when it is remembered 
that the escarpment of the Labrador Falls is of hard gneissic rock. 
Among the results obtained by the expedition are the measurement 
of the height of the Grand Falls; the determination of the altitude of 
the table-land of southeastern Labrador; map of the lower course of 
the Grand River, from compass survey ; meteorological observations 
extending over the six weeks of the journey ; botanical collections 
illustrating Labrador flora; ethnological collections illustrating life 
and customs of mountaineer Indians and Eskimos. (Bull. Geog. Club 
vol. I, no. 2, 1894.) 
