1894.] ~ Psychology. : 543 
ment may he true in the case of the professional criminal i. e. the 
criminal by calculation, but it is not true in the case of the recidivist. 
The recidivist never recognizes the fact that honesty is the best policy, 
but continues to commit anti-social acts until the end of his life. His 
moral imbecility, the direct result of atavistic degeneration, is such 
that he does not consider his anti-social acts criminal in any sense of 
the word. Dugdale in his remarkable work “ The Jukes” has clearly 
proven how great a factor heredity is in the production of criminals. 
The evidence in his book alone ought to be convincing to any unbiased 
mind, but when it is substantiated by the evidence of such men as 
Lombroso, Ottolenghi, Ellis, Marro and Segelas it becomes absolute 
authority. 
Jas. WIER, JR., M. D. 
