60 TASCOE: GEOLOGICAL NOTES ON MESOPOTAMIA. 



overlying beds forming the north-eastern limb of the Tuz Khurmatu- 

 Kifri anticline. The contact of steeply dipping Fars beds with 

 almost horizontal conglomerates along the fault is well shown in the 

 banks of the Aq Su and a small tributary thereof ; the more 

 northerly sections show gypsum in contact with the conglomerate, 

 while the more southerly show red clays on both sides of the gypsum, 

 that on the south-west being contorted and in contact with conglo- 

 merate dipping at about 3° towards E.N.E. The Fars outcrop 

 cannot be more than 20 or 30 feet across ; the hade of the thrust is 

 not clear, but has the appearance of being steep and not very far 

 from 45.° South of Qawali the Fars outcrop, the fault and the Jabal 

 Kasaz, all swing round towards the south, and a section in a stream 

 shows a line of fault breccia inclined at 44,° so that the hade of the 

 fault must be something approximating 46° ; its thrust or throw 

 must be over 1| miles. 



The Fars outcrop, although so narrow, is surprisingly continuous. 

 It was not seen for about three-quarters of a mile half-way between 

 Kani Qadir and the Aq Su, but may be concealed here ; small, 

 rounded boulders of limestone are plentiful, but are neither larger 

 nor more numerous than they are in the conglomerates of the hills 

 above, from which they may well have rolled. A line of springs 

 occurs along or very close to the fault. 



Petroleum. 



Natural Indications. — Seepages of oil and sulphuretted hydrogen, 

 accompanied by the usual sulphur deposition, are very numerous, 

 occurring between a point 2| miles S.S.E. of Kani Qadir and in 

 the vicinity of Farhad Beg. I was told that no seepages existed 

 further north-west, but cannot vouch for the accuracy of this state- 

 ment. Those observed have been indicated on the map. These 

 seepages do not occur along the line of the great fault, but across the 

 supposed crestal portion of the Fars outcrop, especially along the 

 north-eastern flank of the limestone core, at its junction with the 

 overlying clay. The following is a list of observed seepages from 

 south-cast to north-west, but there may be others : — 



(i) 2| miles S.S.E. of Kani Qadir. — Sulphuretted hydrogen. 

 (ii) Immediately opposite Kani Qadir. — Sulphuretted hydrogen 



