FIN^L SUMMARY REPORT. go, 



matical science and in schemes of classification — especially in the 

 smaller sub-divisions — a compromise is always necessary between 

 chronology and homotaxis, each of which has claims which cannot 

 be ignored. Until we are in a better position to adjust this com- 

 promise in the case in question, it is advisable to use fresh local 

 names. This has always been found to be the simplest solution 

 in the long run to similar difficulties elsewhere. A multiplicity 

 of local names, though burdensome to the memory, leads to far less 

 confusion than the misuse and subsequent correction of established 

 terms ; it is an easj- matter to drop one or more of the terms when 

 shown to be unnecessary. For the rocks between Mosul, Kirkuk 

 and Baghdad, all of which can be grouped under the same scheme, 

 I am only proposing three fresh names for the present. For the 

 gypsum-bearing group, whose base is never seen, the " Hamrin 

 stage " of the Fars series would be appropriate. Its uppermost 

 bed is the youngest band of white gypsum or fossiliferous limestone, 

 and its strata, especially near the top, include short premature 

 lagoon or river phases. This Hamrin stage includes, I think, 

 the " Passage Beds " or " Middle Fars " of some writers as well as 

 the Lower Fars. For zone " d " (see Keport No. 11) of my Kurd 

 series, I propose the term " Nasaz zone'' after the range in which it 

 is so strongly developed. The expression " Red Clay and Sandstone 

 series " originally used in my reports, was a cumbrous title, for 

 which the term " Kurd series " is considered an apt substitute ; 

 further investigation will show to what extent it is synonymous 

 with the Bakhtiyari series. 



The various stages and zones recognizable in this Kurd series 

 have been carefully described in Report No. 11. The two stages, 

 upper and lower are always readily distinguishable in a sufficiently 

 complete succession, but occasionally, through local lateral varia- 

 tion, it is not always easy to differentiate all the zones, especiallv 

 "a" and " b." My zones "a," "b" and "c"— i.e., the Lower 

 stage of the series — seem to correspond fairly closely with the Upper 

 Fars of the observers referred to, while zone " d," with the doubtful 

 zone " e," corresponds to their Bakhtiyari, up into which they 

 speak of their Upper Fars as passing. I have not attempted to 

 map all the zones in my earlier maps chiefly on account of the lack 

 of sufficient topographic detail thereon, but they can be readily 

 identified in the Jabal Hamrin, Jabal Makhul and other 

 localities. 



