132 COGGIN BROWN : MINES & MINERAL HKsnr nrKN OF YUNNAN. 



As a comparison, the following assays of galena collected by 

 Anderson in Yunnan may lie quoted. 



Ponsee . . . Galena . . 7.'i oz. lodwts. . Analyst, A. Tween. 



KyetYon . . j ,, . . I 104 oz. lOdwts. , . „ 



Kakhyoon country . I ,, . . I (>.'S OZ. 14 dwts. . ,, 



The last specimen was collected by Dr. C. Williams somewhere 



in the Kachin Bills. It was analysed in 1863. The other two 



assays were performed in 1870. (A. Tween and T. If. Blyth were 

 both officers of the Geological Survey of India). 



Lead and Silver metallurgy in Western Yunnan. 

 The mining of galena by the Yuunanese is carried on under 



. x . much the same rules as those adopted for 



Organization. , ' 



other minerals. Some wealthy man or syndic- 

 ate furnishes funds for the work and also supplies tools, lamps, 

 clothes and food for the miners. They on their pari are bound 

 to sell him all the ore obtained. The financier does not interfere 

 with the actual mining and the technical details of the operations 

 are carried out by the men themselves, Bui be purchases the 

 ores and is responsible, for their transport away from the mine. 

 Their subsequent treatment is carried out more under his imme- 

 diate, control, and smelting is performed by his own skilled work- 

 men. He stands between the magistrate and the miner and pays 

 the taxes and tribute demanded by the Government. 



The ores from a group of workings are transported by mules 

 or coolies to some central works, whose situation has been chosen 



Situation. wit ' 1 re 8 ard to distance from the mines, a 



plentiful supply of water for the washing of 

 the ores and also in some cases for power to drive stamps and 

 the turbine which operates the blower of the furnace. As the 

 workmen often suffer from the furnace fumes, it is usual to build 

 the latter in an open and well elevated spot, where the gases are 

 dispersed as quickly as possible. 



The ores are first hand-picked, at which the Chinese are very 



tv 1 ■ 1 , ■ expert. The larger pieces are broken no bv 



Picking and crushing. ' . J wj.wh.ou up uy 



hammers. The richer ores are extracted as 

 far as possible and are placed on one side, while the poorer material 



