GOLt). 147 



(2) Kin-sha-chiang, to the south-west of Yung-pei T'ing, on the 



borders of the river. This locality was also taxed on 

 the same basis as Ma-kou. It appears to me to include 

 the workings along the Yangtze in this district where 

 gold washing is still actively carried on. 



(3) Ma-kang, situated to the south of Tchong-tien. 



(4) Houang-tsao-pa, to the west of Teng-yiieh : " west of this 



mine is the Ta-in-kiang which flows through the territory 

 of a chief." As this mine only yielded 14 per cent, 

 of the total dues collected from the gold mines of the 

 province about 1850, it is evident that its operations 

 were conducted on a very small scale. The Ta- in- 

 chiang is probably the Tai-ping which flows through 

 the territories of the Shan chiefs of Kan-ngai and Nan- 

 tien. No gold washing is done in this stream at the 

 present day though a small amount is carried on in 

 the terrace gravels of the upper Shweli to the north 

 of Teng-yiieh. 



In the Chinese annals of the Teng-yiieh and Yung chang Fu 



districts the date of which is not known, it 

 Teng-yiieh. * m stated that gold mining is prohibited. The 



four following localities are mentioned however : 



Lung-ling Lu-chiang, Chin-lung-ching, Leng-shui-ching, Kwai- 

 ke. 



The Lu-chiang is the Shwe-li of Burma. The other localities were 

 probably placer workings in its tributaries. 



Joubert states that all the rivers of Yunnan and Ssu-ch'uan 

 J brtd867) c any gold, that the Yangtze in this part of 



its course, is called the Kin-cha-kiang or 

 " River of Golden Sands/' because of the abundance of the pre- 

 cious metal found in it. The statement that all the rivers of the 

 country carry gold must not be taken too literally. It is an over- 

 estimation comparable with the term " Old California " given by 

 the same writer to this part of China (G., II, p. 161). 



Joubert briefly describes gold- washing operations in the river 

 of Lao-oua-tan, near Long-ki. On modern maps the town is 

 Lao-wa-t\an on the Heng-chiang, a tributary of the Yang-tze, in 

 the extreme north-east corner of Yunnan. Here, in 1868, accord- 

 ing to Joubert, there was an extensive deposit carrying gold and 



