sept. i9io.] FUJIL-SOME REMARKS ON THE CRET. FLORA ETC. 201 



can hardly distinguish the two by their descriptions. The only 

 point on which they seem rather to differ is the position of the 

 two resin canals, which is described for Pintts yezoensis by the 

 authors to be situated on the upper side of the leaf, while 

 they are usually on the lower side of the leaf as figured by 

 Daguillon and also after my own experience on Japanese 

 species of Pinus. This point of difference seems to me, how- 

 ever, not to be an actual one, but due to the mode of inter- 

 pretation of upper and lower sides of the leaf. I do not mean 

 the difference of the definitions of the words ' upper ' and • lower ? 

 with regard the leaf structure ; I am quite in consent with 

 these authors in the use of the terms upper and lower, namely, 

 considering the phloem side as the lower and the xylem side as 

 the upper side of the leaf. What appears to me nearer to truth 

 is that the part of the leaf which was interpreted as xylem 

 by Stopes and Kershaw is in reality phloem, and the part 

 which was interpreted as phloem represents xylem. Those thick 

 walled smaller elements which are arranged in regular radial 

 rows and are separated by moderately wide 'medullary rays' 

 are the phloem elements, and the authors' centrifugal xylem 

 (Stopes and Kershaw 1. c. p. 399) is to be interpreted as the 

 centripetal phloem ; and the apparently irregularly arranged 

 rather thin walled larger elements, among which ' medullary 

 rays ' are also found represent xylem elements. When one 

 actually compares the sections of the primordial leaves of pines 

 or even of fascicled leaves w r ith the figure of Pinus yezoensis 

 (Stopes and Kershaw, I.e. Ann. of Bot. XXIV. 1910. PI. XVIII. 

 fig. 2.), one will be convinced that xylem and phloem portions 

 can not be interpreted in a way other than I have above stated. 

 These peculiar features of xylem and phloem are characteristic 

 to most coniferous leaves. The gaps of tissue on the flanks of 

 the authors' xylem portion afford an additional support to the 

 view above stated. 



If this point about the position of the two resin canals, 

 the number of which may vary, be cleared up by the above 

 explanation, there seems to be no essential objection to the 

 alternative view above stated. The number of ' medullary 



