sept. i9io.] FU J IT.- SOME REMARKS ON THE CRET. FLORA ETC. 213 



Finally I should like to touch the question of the causes or 

 conditions which led those Cryptotnerian fossil members and 

 others to become extinct. This is naturally a question of broad 

 bearing, and can only be touched in this remark. 



So far as the members of Crypto meriopis are concerned, 

 Stopes and Fujii in Cryptomeriopsis antiqua, and Suzuki in 

 Cryptomeriopsis mesozoica, have found that all internal tissues 

 of these plants are penetrated with fungal hyphas. From this feet 

 it became desirable to know whether the living Cryptomeria is 

 attacked by fungi, and if any, by what kind of fungus and with 

 what effect. Professor Shirai kindly gave me an information 

 that dead branches of Cryptomeria have been recently sent to 

 him, in one case from an owner of a large cryptotnerian forest, 

 and in another case from a district nursery, for examination of 

 the cause of death ; and that he found three kinds of fungi in- 

 fecting them, one species belonging to Mycosphazrella, one to 

 Pestalozzia, and another to Macrophoma. Whether they were 

 actually parasitic and were the primary causes of damage was 

 not determined with certainty, but it was probable that the 

 fungi were not the primary cause. Now as I have recently 

 seen in Uyeno park in Tokyo, where there are far more than 

 a hundred old Cryptomeria trees forming one of the chief 

 aspects of the park, that the leaves of all of the old trees 

 without exceptions are turning quite brown, I have collected a 

 number of dead twigs, and found that they were all infected 

 by fungi. The latter were determined by Prof. Shirai to belong 

 to Mycosphasrella and Pestalozzia. But in this case, the rail- 

 way station Uyeno is close to the park and the ever increasing 

 smoke from the locomotives since the establishment of the Uyeno- 

 station must have been at least one of the causes or the chief 

 cause. How far the damage may be done by these fungi is not 

 yet exactly known, but to judge from the genera to which they 

 belong makes it probable that they are either saprophytic or 

 weak parasite, able to do any serious effect only after the 

 host had lost its vigour by other causes as smoke, change of cli- 

 mate, etc. In the Cretaceous period or earlier than that, when 

 the climate was probably much warmer than now, the develop- 



