250 THE BOTANICAL MAGAZINE. [Yo i. xxiv. No. 286. 



or more in Height, often stout, often ramose from the base with 

 the erect-patent branches, terete, obscurely striate but when 

 dried obviously striato-sulcate, thinly villose with pale patent 

 hairs and. then often subglabrate, foliose. Leaves radical and 

 cauline, oblong-lanceolate, narrowed below, spinoso-acute at 

 the apex, deeply pinnatiparted with oval-ovate to orbiculate 

 and sinuses obtuse at the bottom, spinoso-dentate (spines valid) 

 and spinuloso-ciliated, thickly herbaceous and shining when 

 fresh, very thinly piloso-pubescent with, erect pale scattered hairs 

 above but then often glabrate, thinly piloso- villose (not arach- 

 noid) with erect white hairs (which are curled when dried) and 

 hairs more or less denser on the midrib, ll-35cm. or more long, 

 6— 10cm. or more broad ; radical ones spreading, often shorter 

 than the stem and shortly petiolate or sessile ; cauline ones 

 alternate, smaller, sessile and semiamplexicaul, not decurrent, 

 narrowly oblong ; lobes approximately arranged or a little 

 remote, several to numerous on each side, horizontally or sub- 

 horizontally patent, sometimes interrupted, few-several-cleft, 

 spinoso-acute at the apex, basal ones sometimes much reduced 

 into smaller and simpler formes ; veins loose, impressed above 

 and prominent beneath in recent ; veinlets inconspicuous ; 

 midrib very prominent beneath. Heads erect, few to several or 

 many, disposed in a corymbose cyme or panicle, short- or long- 

 peduncled, folioso-bracteate at the base, purple, about 5cm. 

 across ; peduncles thinly villose (not arachnoid) with white 

 patent hairs ; bracts about 4-7, elliptical, few-pinnatifid, validly 

 spinose and spinuloso-ciliated, sessile or shortly petiolated, thinly 

 villose on the midrib dorsally ; exterior ones usually longer 

 than the involucre but interior ones smaller and often shorter 

 than the involucre. Involucre ovoid-conical, obtuse at the base, 

 glabrous, 2J-2|cm, long; scales imbricate, thickish, smooth, 

 green with a purple tint, subulately linear-lanceolate, spinoso- 

 acuminate (spine purplish), closely adpressed but erect-patently 

 ascending or spreading and linear-subulate in the upper free 

 thicker portion, entire and minutely subciliolated, thin on 

 margins, loosely 3— 5-nerved ; exterior ones subulate ; interior 

 ones longer and thinner, linear, the apical portion subulate with 



