THE EXTINCT MAMMALS OF LAKELAND xlv 



Patent Eolls at least, usually for licence to hunt the wolf, fox, 

 and wild-cat. 



'I also find in the Tasta de Nevill and Red Book of the 

 Exchequer, p. 141 d , North*, that Richard Engayne held land in 

 Witteslaye and Laxtone by the service of hunting the wolf. 



' There is no doubt that the whole West of England, from 

 S. Wales to Strathclyde was infested (well into the 1 3th century) 

 with wolves. In 18 Edw. I., a certain tenant had a park made 

 at Farley, co. Wore, and stocked with " wild beasts " (i.e. deer), 

 given him by the Earl of Clare. The wolves came and 

 " destroyed" the whole of them. (Plac. coram Rege Trin., 18 

 Edw. L, Rot. 50.) 



1 1 wish I could help you further, but have no opportunity 

 now to search outside this office.' 



Order CARNIVORA. Fam. URSIDM. 



BROWN BEAR. 



Ursus arctos, L. 



Whether the bears that reached the city of the Empire from 

 Great Britain had been captured in any instances among the 

 caves of Lakeland is unknown. It seems not an unlikely con- 

 tingent, if we remember that these animals could easily be shipped 

 from Ravenglass, which was then an important port, as well as 

 a military station. I have not detected any historical allusion 

 to the former presence of the Brown Bear in Lakeland. Re- 

 mains of this species were found in a cave half-way up the 

 north-west side of Arnside Knot. The cave in question was 

 discovered by the late J. Ruthven in the summer of 1844. 

 ' He entered through a low archway into a cavern 20 feet in 

 length, and from 4 to 5 feet high. In the floor were several 

 holes, down one of which a candle was lowered, and a deep 

 chasm was discovered, running into the hill in a south-eastern 

 direction. Mr. Ruthven let himself through the hole and 

 succeeded in safely descending to the bottom, which was formed 

 of angular fragments of limestone cemented together with 

 stalagmite. The roof and sides were beautifully covered with 



