THE EXTINCT MAMMALS OF LAKELAND lv 



to compare its dimensions and characters with those of the 

 corresponding part of the lower jaw of the Hamilton Wild 

 White Ox in the Anatomical Museum of the University of 

 Edinburgh, when the following measurements were obtained : — 





Fossil. 



Hamilton Ox 



Extreme length, 



18J- in. 



15f in. 



From angle to tip of coronoid, 



8i 



9 



From angle to top of condyle, 



7i 



H 



Height of coronoid, . 



If 



2f 



Length of molar alveoli, 



6| 



6 



Height behind last molar alveolus, 



3| 



3* 



' The Mandible/ continues Sir W. Turner, ' exactly fitted the 

 large skull of the fine Bos primigenius in the Anatomical Museum 

 of that university, described by me in 1859; it belonged, 

 therefore, to a full-grown animal. Three true molars and the 

 last premolar were in place, the other premolars and the incisors 

 were absent, although their sockets were present. The molars 

 were so far worn down that a section through the external 

 accessory lateral column was in the grinding surface of the 

 crown. In its general configuration this bone corresponded 

 closely with that of the Hamilton White Ox, though the latter 

 had a longer and more attenuated coronoid process; in its 

 length, however, the fossil considerably exceeded the recent 

 mandible, and obviously belonged to a much larger animal. . . . 

 The left humerus of Bos primigenius was perfect except that 

 the two tuberosities were injured. Its length from the head 

 to the radial articular surface was 15f in.; the breadth at 

 the condyles was 5 \ in. It was a more massive bone than 

 the right humerus of the same species described by me in 1859. 

 The right tibia was perfect, and a massive bone ; its extreme 

 length was 19 J in. . . . The right metatarsal was perfect; 

 its extreme length was 12 J in. . . . These long bones were 

 not rubbed, but their muscular ridges and articular surfaces 

 were sharp and well defined as in a recent bone ; their dimen- 



1 The series of skulls of this animal exhibited at the Natural History 

 Museum, South Kensington, includes at least two lower jaws. One of 

 these belongs to a cranium obtained in the Scottish Solway faunal area, 

 presented by the Earl of Selkirk. 



