52 VERTEBRATE FAUNA OF LAKELAND 



known as hunting ' hays ' existed in Lakeland no less than in 

 other parts of England. One ' hay ' in particular was noticed 

 repeatedly in lawsuits. In 1208 a case pending between 

 Uctred de Sokebrede and Agnes his wife, plaintiffs, and 

 Robert de Curtenai and Alicia his wife, defendants, was decided 

 on the morrow of St. Andrew by Adam de Port and other 

 justices in the King's Court at Carlisle. The tenants of Robert 

 and Alicia were then required to make and repair at their own 

 cost the hunting fence in Carrock with the men of Kaudebec. 

 In 1256, Gilbert de Halteclo agreed in Court that he and his 

 heirs, with Alan and Alicia's men of Kaudebek, should for the 

 future make and repair the hunting ' hay ' of Alan and Alicia of 

 Karrok, when needful. 1 



Where private parties were concerned, mutual courtesies 

 anticipated difficulties by sagacious foresight. Thus, when a 

 final decision was given in the King's Court at Westminster 

 between Alan de Muleton and his wife Alicia, plaintiffs, and 

 Lambert de Muleton and his wife Amabilis, concerning the 

 moiety of the manors of Egremunt, Aspatric, Caudebek, and 

 Braythwayt, a clause was inserted expressly stipulating that if a 

 deer should be roused on the lands of Lambert and Amabilis, 

 their huntsmen and hounds should have the right to follow and 

 take it in the land of Alan and Alicia without hindrance, and 

 * vice versa. 2 Provision was made for the punishment of servants 

 who abused their employer's privileges. Thus a grant to Furness 

 Abbey expressly stipulates that should any servant of the 

 monks break bounds, and do damage in the granter's forest to 

 her beasts of game, and be duly convicted, he must be dismissed 

 from their service, and lose his wages. 3 



The area occupied by lied Beer at one time included almost 

 the whole of Lakeland, from Furness and Mallerstang Forest to 

 the Scottish borders. The forests which survived into the 

 Elizabethan period were those of Inglewood, Ennerdale or 

 Coupland, and Walton, in Cumberland, and Martindale in 

 Westmorland. When the monks of Lanercost enjoyed a tithe 

 of the venison of Walton Forest, the quarry ranged through the 



1 Document* relating to Scotland, vol. i. p. 400. 



2 lb. vol. i. p. 203. : - lb. cit. p. 97. 



