MAMMALIA 65 



FALLOW DEER. 



Cervus dama, L. 



Whether the introduction of this Deer into Lakeland was 

 effected by the officers of our Roman colonies in the days of 

 Hadrian, or was only accomplished by our Saxon forefathers, 

 has never apparently been settled. Although I should naturally 

 have favoured the former hypothesis, truth compels me to state 

 that all the early remains of antlers discovered in Lakeland that 

 I have yet seen appeared to have belonged to the Red Deer. In 

 the thirteenth century there was a good stock of bucks and does 

 in Inglewood Forest, as we learn from the earliest of our local 

 historians : 'Eodem anno [1280] tertio idus Septembris (Sept. 11) 

 venerunt dominus Edwardus rex Angliae et regina Alienora apud 

 Lanercost, et prior et Conventus obviabunt eis in cappis in 

 porta. Item, rex obtulit pannum sericum ; rex autem in venatu 

 suo, ut dicebatur, cepit tunc ducentos, cervos et cervas in 

 Ingelwod.' x 



Henry in. had already bestowed hunting rights upon the 

 Bishop of Carlisle and his successors: 'liceat eis cum venatoribus 

 et canibus suis feram vel feras suas sequi per forestam nostram 

 et capere, sine impedimento et disturbatione forestariorum vel 

 quorumcunque ballivorum nostrorum vel eorum ministrorum, et 

 cum venatione sua et venatoribus et canibus, vel si forte vena- 

 tionem non ceperint, cum venatoribus et canibus, licite et sine 

 impedimento ad propria redire.' 2 Three years after his hunting 

 experiences in Cumberland, Edward I. commanded Geoffrey de 

 Neville, keeper of the king's forest ultra Trent to give Robert 

 de Brus, Earl of Carrik, twelve bucks in Inglewood, a species 

 of grant that was frequently renewed. Thus in July 1319 

 Edward II. commanded John de Crumbwell, the keeper of 

 Inglewood, to give John Bishop of Carlisle twenty-four fawns, 

 one half hinds and the other does, to stock his park of 'la Rose,' 

 which had been destroyed by the Scots. 3 



This reference to Rose Castle reminds us that Edward I. 



1 Ghronicon de Lanercost, p. 106. 



2 Nicolson and Burn, vol. ii. p. 544. 



3 Calendar of Documents relating to Scotland, vol. iii. p. 123. 



E 



