66 VERTEBRATE FAUNA OF LAKELAND 



induced many of his nobles to keep Deer, both Eed and Fallow, 

 by the liberality with which he granted charters of imparking, an 

 example followed by his two successors. A large proportion of 

 these lay between Kendal and Morecambe Bay. Leland observes, 

 ' There be about Kendall divers fair woodes, as Master Parris 

 Park, and many other.' x 



Saxton's map of 1576, embracing both Westmorland and 

 Cumberland, shows Mallerstange Forest as unenclosed. It 

 includes two parks in the neighbourhood of Kirkby Stephen, 

 those of Smardale and Hartley Castle. Other Westmorland Parks 

 are Brigster, Syserghe, Kendall, Watlande, Camswick, Colnhead, 

 Seggewicke, Firbank, Croscrake, Barborn, and Middleton, all near 

 Kendal. Whinfield Forest is shown to be enclosed, as is Leke in 

 Lancashire. In Cumberland, seven enclosed parks are figured 

 on this map, those of Wethermlake, Grastok Castle (with a 

 stag stalking about in it), Stainton, Barren Wood, Blencrake, 

 Widehope, and Broughton near Cockermouth. Of the older 

 Westmorland parks, the only one still tenanted by Fallow Deer is 

 Levens, which Thomas de Strickland imparked in the reign of 

 Edward III. Dallam Tower was enclosed only in 1720. 

 Several other ancient parks could be mentioned — Hartley 

 Castle, Crosby Ravensworth, Whitfield, Thornthwaite, and 

 Troutbeck among the number. Naworth is shown as un- 

 impaired, but Lord William Howard made a park of it. Gow- 

 barrow, included in this map under the old name of ' Wetherm- 

 lake,' possesses the special interest of being the home of many 

 Red Deer, which, though not so shy as those of the Martindale 

 fells, yet roam over an enclosed stretch of similar country, 

 under perfectly natural conditions, except that they cannot 

 escape unless by breaking bounds or swimming Ulleswater 

 Lake. Stags have occasionally been known to cross from 

 Martindale to Gowbarrow. This great park is not mentioned 

 in Saxton's map as ' Gowbarrow,' but under the older, and now 

 forgotten, title of ' Wethermlake.' Saxton also shows that 

 Barron Wood was enclosed in 1576. Peculiar privileges often 

 attached to parks of Fallow Deer. Thus, an award of the 

 second year of Richard III. decided that Anna, late wife of John 

 1 Itinerary, vol. v. p. 130. 



