MAMMALIA C ( J 



boars, and their kinds, and all aviaries of hawks," reserved by 

 De Boyville in the reign of Henry the First, when he gave all 

 the parishes between Esk and Duddon to the Abbey of St. Mary 

 at York.' 1 As early as 1690 Ferdinand Hudleston had cut 

 down ' a large forest ' to further the manufacture of iron, and to 

 build a ship of considerable burthen; but he had spared the 

 Deer. Jefferson tells the story of their extinction more curtly 

 than Dickinson : ' So lately as 1774, when Nicolson and Burn 

 wrote, the park was " well stored with deer." It was disparked 

 by the present Earl of Lonsdale about the year 1802, when 

 207 deer were killed, and the venison was sold in Ulverston 

 Market and elsewhere, at from 2d. to 4d. per pound.' 2 



Some idea of the management required for a herd of Fallow 

 Deer may be gathered from the entries in the Household Book 

 of Lord William Howard. The home stock of park Deer was 

 recruited chiefly by the introduction of young animals, whether 

 Eed or Fallow. In like manner, fawns were sent from Naworth 

 to other properties. Thus in 1612 we have the following 

 entries : ' Junij . . . 6. ij hind calves to H. Geldart's men, 

 iiij s. ... To H. Geldart's men carrying ij hind calves to 

 Thornthwate, iiij s. July ... To the keeper of Graystock 

 bringing ij fawnes, v s. To Mr. Rumney's son bringing ij other, 

 vs.... Mr. Penington's man, bringing 2 fawnes and 6 herns, 

 x s.' This last refers to animals sent from Mun caster, a long 

 ride, but distance was lightly esteemed in those days. Presents 

 of venison came to the Baron's table from far and wide ; equally 

 welcome whether it came from a near neighbour or was brought 

 by Mr. John Preston's man all the way from Furness Abbey. 

 The courtesy of the times bestowed gifts of venison with fine 

 generosity even on the poor prisoners languishing in the jail at 

 Carlisle. Thus an entry occurs in 1621: 'Sept. ... 15. To 

 Rob. Burthom, carrying veneson to the prysoners, xii d.' 



The young Howards were fond of buck-hunting, and the cost 

 of their amusement is duly entered in the Acounts. In 1618, for 

 example, ' Dec. 20. To Sr. Francis, for his journey to Keswick 

 to take dear, iij s.' But there was no need for the young men to 



1 Cumbriana, pp. 163^165. 



2 Jefferson, Allerdale Ward, p. 163. 



