116 VERTEBRATE EAUNA OF LAKELAND 



stone cliffs at Sandwith, where it nests on grassy ledges of the 

 rocks, among the sea -pinks and other wild -flowers. If you 

 happen to row on a spring morning along the shore from White- 

 haven to St. Bees, you will find many Eock Pipits darting 

 actively about the huge and irregular masses of rock which have 

 become detached from the face of the parent cliff by the action 

 of frost and rain, and now lie piled together above the beach in 

 rude and tumultuous disorder. 



Order PASSE PES. Fam. ORIOLIDJE. 



GOLDEN ORIOLE. 



Oriolus galbula, L. 



I have failed to trace the Golden Oriole in either Westmor- 

 land or Furness. It is a far rarer visitor to the north-west of 

 England than to the southern and south-west counties. Dr. 

 Parker identified a single specimen in female plumage, shot at 

 Irton in Cumberland in 1857. Mr. H. P. Senhouse assures me 

 that several Golden Orioles, probably a small flock en voyage, 

 made their appearance near Lorton, in the summer of 1878. 

 A specimen in female or immature dress was killed some years 

 ago in the Caldbeck district. Apparently only one individual, 

 in full male livery, has ever been killed in Cumberland. This 

 last was shot near Penrith, and mounted by the elder Hope, to 

 whom I am indebted for this information. It was taken to 

 Hope as a Golden Thrush. 



Order PASSERES. Fam. LANIIDM. 



GEEAT GEEY SHEIKE. 



Lanius excubitor, L. 



Although locally considered a very uncommon bird, and vary- 

 ing in degree of scarcity from one season to another, few winters 

 pass without the occurrence of individual specimens in one or 

 other part of Lakeland. Content to lead a solitary life in its 

 winter quarters, this Grey Shrike frequents such hedges as 

 happen to enclose pasture lands, often remaining within a few 

 miles' radius for several weeks together. Its quiet, unobtrusive 



