FISHES 483 



the English Solway. The finest specimen that I have by me at 

 present measures exactly 3 inches. The late Captain Kinsey 

 Dover procured some examples of the Four-spined Stickleback, 

 G. spinulosus, in the vicinity of Keswick. 



TEJSF-SPINED STICKLEBACK. 



Gasterosteus pungilius, L. 



As long ago as 1793 the Eev. W. Richardson recorded this 

 species as found 'in this lake [Ulleswater] and the rivulets.' 

 He adds that the local name was ' Prickly Dick.' 



FIFTEEN-SPIKED STICKLEBACK. 



Gasterosteus spinachia, L. 



This Stickleback is a summer visitant to the waters of the 

 English Solway. Its numbers vary from season to season ; at 

 times it may be termed plentiful. 



Order ANACANTHINI. Fam. GADIDjE. 



CODFISH. 



Gadus morrhua, L. 



The fishermen of the English Solway rely to no small extent 

 upon their ' takes ' of this fish as a means of procuring a sub- 

 sistence for their families. Codfish vary so much in condition 

 according to age and other factors of growth, as to suggest 

 the employment of several local synonyms. When such terms 

 have once become fixed, their transmission from one generation 

 to another follows almost as a matter of course. We therefore 

 find without surprise that the Naworth Household Books contain 

 some specimens of the peculiar phraseology at present employed 

 by our fishermen. ' Keelings,' for example, were often purchased 

 for the Howards. The editor of the reprinted accounts 

 correctly remarks that ' Keeling or Killing is the name given to 

 Cod of a large size.' Charles Waugh wrote in 1806 that ' there 

 are two species of this fish ; that which is of the brownest 



