494 VERTEBRATE FAUNA OF LAKELAND 



The cake is then broken up and the pieces thrown into the 

 water ; many stones of Chub sometimes succumb to this treat- 

 ment. In the Eden the name of Chub is quite unknown, the 

 fish being invariably distinguished as the ' Skelly.' At Ulles- 

 water, it was known to Richardson as the ' Chevin.' Pennant 

 wrote of the Esk : ' This river is inhabited by trouts, parrs, 

 loches, minnows, eels, and lampries ; and, what is singular, 

 the chub, which with us loves only the deep and still waters 

 bounded by clayey banks.' 1 



DACE. 



Leuciscus vulgaris, Flem. 



Mr. Tom Duckworth tells me that a few Dace exist in the 

 lower waters of the river Eden. They are found about Cargo 

 and near Eden bridges. To the best of his belief, there were 

 no Dace in the Eden when he was a boy ; but when the species 

 was introduced, or by whom, he does not know. 



RU D D. 



Leuciscus erythrophthalmus (L. ). 



The only locality from which I have seen Rudd is Whinfell 

 Tarn, near Kendal. I learn from Mr. G. A. Hutchinson that 

 1 this fish simply swarms in Whinfell Tarn, and towards dusk 

 they come to the surface to feed in small shoals, when they are 

 very easily taken with a paste bait. Mr. Severs told me some 

 time ago that he caught one weighing 2f lbs., which he sent 

 to London.' 



MINNOW. 



Leuciscus phoxinus (L. ). 



Now, as in Dr. Heysham's time, the Minnow ' is plentiful in 

 all our rivers.' This fish is in some request as bait among the 

 anglers of Windermere. 



1 A Tour in Scotland, vol. ii. p. 88. 



