FISHES 497 



Order PHYSOSTOMI. Fam. ESOCIDJE. 



PIKE. 



Esox lucius, L. 

 All food-fishes were held in more or less estimation in the 

 middle ages. The Pike among the rest was highly valued. A 

 warrant of Edward I., dated September 25, 1298, authorised 

 Robert de Clifford to allow the Bishop of Carlisle to have sixty 

 jacks to stock the moats of Carlisle Castle : ' E. par la grace 

 Dieu, etc., a nostre foial a loial Robert de Clifford, justice de 

 nostre forest de cea Troute, saluz. Nous vous mandours qe 

 l'evvesque de Cardoill suffrez prendre seyssante pikerels en 

 nostre lay, qi est apele le lay Kybraid, qi est dedens les bundes 

 de nostre forest d'Englewode, pour estorer eut nos fosses entour 

 le chastell de Cardoill.' 1 Edward II., in 1319, ordered John de 

 Crumbwell, keeper of Ingelwode forest, to give John, Bishop of 

 Carlisle, fifty pikerels from the lake of Ternewathelau [ = Tarn 

 Wadelyn] to stock his vivaries at ' la Rose.' 2 These fishes were 

 most likely placed in the * Bishop's Lough ' in Dalston parish. 

 Pike run to a large size in several of the lakes, notably in 

 Windermere, in Bassenthwaite, in Derwentwater. A Pike of 

 34 lbs. was caught in Bassenthwaite in July 1861. 3 Mr. Hut- 

 chinson tells me that the finest fish that he has seen were 

 taken in Killington Reservoir. 



Order PHYSOSTOMI. Fam. SALMONIDjE. 



SALMON. 



Salmo salar, L. 



The Salmon, which essay to leap the falls of our Lakeland 

 rivers, like the Stags which crop the grass and heather of the 

 fells that flank the shores of Ulleswater, belong to a race which 

 played an important part in the early history of this region. 

 Both the Salmon and the Red Deer have afforded noble sport 

 to many successive generations of hardy huntsmen and patient 

 fishermen ; both the one and the other have been the cause of 



1 Papers and Letters from the Northern Registers, p. 137. 



2 Documents relating to Scotland, vol. iii. p. 123. 



3 Carlisle Journal, June 19, 1861. 



2 I 



