508 VERTEBRATE FAUNA OF LAKELAND 



the American Brook Trout (S. fontinalis) to be placed in the 

 Eden at Cracken thorp e, near Appleby. 



THE ALPINE CHARE. 



Salmo alpinus, L. 

 Among the numerous writers who have essayed to treat of 

 Charr in the English lakes, a high rank must be assigned to 

 John Ray. He refers to this fish as ' the Red Charre Westmor- 

 landici lacus Winandermere dicti.' 1 He adds : ' Quatuor aut 

 quinque in Cambria lacus hunc piscem alunt : necnon lacus 

 Winandermere in Westmorlandia.' He speaks of the ' Gilt 

 Charre : * Hie procul dubio idem est cum Charm alba, The Gilt 

 Charre lacus Winandermere.' Defoe writes that Winander 

 Mere is famous 'for producing the Char-fish, seldom found 

 unless it be at Ulles-water, bordering on Westmorland, and in 

 North Wales, as I have mentioned before. It is a curious Fish, 

 and, as a Dainty, is potted and sent far and near by way of 

 Present. It must needs be a great Rarity, since the quantity they 

 take, even here, is but small. Mr. Camden's Continuator calls 

 it very happily the Golden Alpine Trout.' 2 But Charrs were 

 valued for pies before it became customary to pot them. Some 

 practical information as to the gastronomical qualities of Charr 

 may be gleaned from the book of accounts kept by Sir Daniel 

 Fleming of Rydal, between the years 1656 and 1681. Thus, 

 in 1660: 'Mar. 12, Item, for the carryage of a char pie to my 

 Aunt Dudley to London, £0, 7s. Od. ' ; 1662, 'Mar. 23, Item, 

 for the carryage of a charr-pie unto my aunt Dudley at London, 

 at 2d per lb., £0, 6s. Od.' When a guest stayed at Rydal, Charr 

 must needs be served up; therefore in 1655, 'June 29, Item, 

 for twelve charrs when Mr. Dugdale was here ... 3s. Od.' 

 Pies must be sent to grand acquaintances; therefore in 1666, 

 ' Mar. 6, Paid John Banckes which he had paid at Kendall, 

 February 23, 1666, for the carryage of a char-pye unto the Earl 

 of Carlisle at London, being 4 stone and 5 lb., 9s. Od.' Private 

 friends looked for similar attention; therefore in 1665, 'Mar. 



1 Synops. Method, p. 61. 



2 Tour through Great Britain, vol. iii. p. 294, 7th edition, 1769. 



