APPENDIX. 493 



Pedes graciles. Tarsi elevati. Ungues longi. first, second, and third quills graduated. Legs 

 Digiti laterales valde incequales ; duo exte- slender. Tarsi elevated. Claws long. La- 

 riores basi connexi. Hallux elongatus sed teral toes very unequal, the two outer united 

 digito medio brevior. Cauda longiuscula, at the base. Hallux long, but rather shorter 

 cequalis. than the middle toe. Tail somewhat length- 



ened, even. 



Type. — Yellow-breasted Tfirush. Lewin, Birds of N. S. W., pi. 23. (Muscicapa Austratis,Av CT.) 



Family, FRINGILLID^. 



33. Genus, FRINGILLA (Typical form). 



Rostrum exacts elongato-conicum, mandi- Bill forming a perfect lengthened cone ; 



bulis ambobus crassitudine cequalibus ; max- both mandibles of equal thickness, the upper 



ilia emarginatd. Alee elongates, acuminates, mandible notched. Wings lengthened, pointed ; 



remex prima quintd semper longior. Cauda the first quill always longer than the fifth. 



mediocris bifurca, rectricibus lateralibus Ion- Tail moderate, forked ; the lateral feathers 



gioribus. Pedes graciles. Tarsi mediocres. the longest. Legs slender. Tarsi moderate. 



Digiti laterales (equates, medius longissimus. Lateral toes equal ; middle toe very long. 



Type Fringilla Calebs, montifringilla, nivalis, &c European form. 



. 34. Sub-genus, ZONOTRICHIA. 

 Rostrum Fringilla. Ala? bremusculce ; re- Bill as in Fringilla. Wings rather short ; 



mex prima quatuor proximis fere cequalibus the first quill shorter than the four next, which 

 longior. Cauda sub-elongata, divaricatula, are nearly equal. Tail rather lengthened, 

 rectricibus lateralibus abbreviatis. Digiti la- slightly divaricated; the lateral feathers short- 

 terales incequales. ened. Lateral toes unequal. 



Types. — Z. leucophrys, Pennsylvanica, melodia,&c. American form. 

 Obs. — The sub-genus Chondestes, Sw., may perhaps be only an aberrant example of this form. 



35. Genus, LINARIA. Auct. 



Rostrum breviter crasseque conicum, apice Bill forming a short thick cone ; the tip en- 



integerrimd, nee culmine arcuato. Alae elon- tire ; culmen not arched. Wings lengthened, 



gattE, acuminates ; remex prima longa. pointed ; the first quill long. Tail forked. 



Cauda bifurca. Tarsi breves. Ungues gra- Tarsi short. Claws very slender ; hinder 



cillimi ; posticus elongatus. claw lengthened. 



36. Sub-genus, LEUCOSTICTE. 



Rostrum conicum, validum latum, lateri- Bill conic, strong, broad ; the sides tumid ; 



bus tumidis ; tomiis rite curvatis, nee tamen the commissure regularly curved, but not an- 



