THE BOTANICAL MAGAZINE. 



Vol. X, No. 103. 



PART II 



On the Different Views hitherto Proposed 



regarding the Morphology of the 



Flowers of Ginkgo biloba, L. 



{Preliminary note.) 

 Kenjiro Fujii. 



With PI. I. 



Conifers form the chief part of the present Gymnosperms, and 

 comprise groups of plants greatly differing in their habits and structures. 

 E. Brown, Richard, Schleiden, A. Brown, Yon Mohl, Oersted, Sperk, 

 Parlatore, Caspary, Van Tieghem, Strasburger, Sachs, Eichleb, 

 Stenzel, Willkomm, Celakovsky, and many other eminent authors 

 have contributed their own observations, and theoretical considerations 

 to elucidate the morphology of Conifers ; and the discrepancies and 

 variations of opinions have given rise to a voluminous literature, 

 and the questions on the morphology of Conifers are at present ex- 

 ceedingly complicated. 



What considered by one as an inflorescence is regarded by another 

 as a single flower; what considered by one as a bract is regarded by 

 another as a carpel; what considered by one as a carpel is regarded by 

 another as united carpels, a shoot, a placenta, or an outgrowth. One 

 and the same formation is considered as an arillus, a pseud-arillus, or 

 a part of a carpeilary leaf by different authors. Even the homology of 

 flowers of both sexes is questioned by many authors. This is also the 

 case with Ginkgo itself. 



There remain yet many points of detail to be decided by renewed 

 observation and careful comparative study ; and the generalization in 



