HARDY ORNAMENTAL TREES AND SHRUBS. 



293 



others to B. anpetrifolia. Flowers in spring; 8 to 10 feet 

 high. 



B. Thunbergii. — A dwarf shrub, very effective when 

 planted in a mass by reason of the beautiful red of the 

 leaves in autumn. Japan, 1883. 



B. vulgaris, Berberry. — A handsome British shrub, pro- 

 ducing its pendent racemes in spring. The fruit is very 

 handsome, and there are varieties with scarlet, purple, 

 yellow, and white fruits. A form with purple leaves is 

 effective when planted in a group. 



B. Wallichiana. — A very useful evergreen of close tufted 

 growth varying from 2 to 4 feet high. The leaves are of 

 the deepest green and in one form glaucous beneath. 

 Himalaya, 1820. 



Betula. — The Birches are picturesque and graceful 

 trees, especially the weeping forms. 



B. alba, Birch. — One of the most beautiful of our forest 

 trees, and always effective in the garden. The varieties 

 pendula and Young ii (fig. 355) are two of the best of 

 weeping trees; laciniata has deeply cut leaves. 



B. papyracea, Paper Birch. — A North American species 

 introduced in 1750; of larger size than the preceding, but 

 not otherwise superior. In Canada the bark is employed 

 for making canoes. 



The following species may also be mentioned as worth 

 growing : — B.lutca (Yellow Birch); B. nigra (BlackBirch); 

 B. nana. 



B. Maxinwwiczii is a recent and very promising intro- 

 duction from Japan; it is quite hardy and grows rapidly. 

 Its leaves are larger than those of any other Birch. 



Bignonia capreolata. — A climbing shrub, with conjugate 

 leaves terminating in a tendril, and numerous large axil- 

 lary reddish -yellow flowers, appearing in June and July. 

 Very ornamental against a wall with a sunny aspect. 

 North America, 1710. 



Broussonetia papyri/era, Paper Mulberry. — A small 

 tree resembling the common Mulberry, but its flowers 

 are dioecious, and the males grow in cylindrical drooping 

 catkins. Japan, 1751. The shape of the leaves varies in 

 different forms, often even on the same plant. 



Bryanthus empctriformis (fig. 356). — A charming 

 Heath-like evergreen shrub about a foot high, with broad 

 bell -shaped reddish - purple flowers. 

 North America, 1829. B. erectus is 

 believed to be a hybrid between this 

 species and Rhodothamnus Chamce- 

 cistus. 



Buddleia. — These are evergreen 

 shrubs in their native country, and in 

 mild winters are so with us; but as 

 they usually shed tneir foliage, more 

 or less, according to the severity of 

 the weather, they should not be 

 planted where evergreens are desired. 



B. Colvillei. — The most beautiful 

 of all Buddleias, but unfortunately 

 only hardy in the south and south- 

 west. The flowers are 1 inch long, 

 rose-purple or crimson, and produced 

 in panicles 12 to 18 inches long. 

 Himalaya. 



B. ylobosa. — The leaves of this spe- 

 cies are clothed with a silvery tomen- 

 tum beneath. The flowers are honey- 

 scented, orange, in small globular heads, appearing in 

 summer. It grows about 10 or 12 feet high, and succeeds 

 well against a wall, or near the sea where it is not too 

 bleak. It is sometimes killed down to the crown of the 



Fig. 356.— Bryanthus 

 empetriformis. (§.) 



stem by hard frosts, but springs up again luxuriantly. 

 Chili, 1774. 



B. variabilis. — An ornamental shrub, very different 

 from the preceding, having racemes of lilac or rosy- 

 purple flowers more than 1 foot long. The leaves are 

 long and narrow. There is a prostrate form, and a more 

 erect one. China, 1893. 



Bupleurum fruticosum. — A branching sub- evergreen 

 shrub about 6 feet high, with simple coriaceous glaucous 

 leaves, and yellowish umbellate flowers, the umbels on 

 long stalks; the flowers appear in July or August. It 

 succeeds well near the sea, and in warm situations on a 

 dry soil. Southern Europe, 1596. 



Buxus. — The common Box is one of our most useful 

 evergreens, and some of the smaller-leaved and pendulous 

 varieties make very elegant small trees. 



B. balearica. — This is a fine species, with thick coria- 

 ceous leaves nearly 2 inches in length. It is faster- 

 growing and larger than the common Box. Minorca, 

 1780. 



B. sempervirens, Common Box. — The varieties of this 

 are numerous, from the dwarf form used for edging (var. 

 suffruticosa) to the arborescent variety. Myrtifolia is a 

 robust form with relatively large leaves ; rosraarini folia 

 is a compact dwarf bush with slender branches and narrow 

 leaves; angustifolia has very narrow leaves; and rotundi- 

 folia small roundish leaves. The several gold and silver 

 striped varieties are also ornamental. 



CiESALPiNiA japonica. — A shrub of spreading habit, the 

 stems of which are thickly set with curved spines. The 

 leaves are bipinnate, bright-green, and the flowers, which 

 are produced in erect racemes, are bright canary -yellow 

 with red anthers. Deciduous. Japan. 



Calophaca ivolgarica. — A dwarf branching shrub about 

 3 or 4 feet high, with small unequally pinnate leaves, bear- 

 ing a profusion of yellow papilionaceous flowers in June, 

 succeeded by reddish pods. It is quite hardy, and forms 

 a very pretty object when grafted as a standard on the 

 stem of the Laburnum. Siberia, 1780. 



Calycanthus. — Large or small aromatic shrubs, with 

 simple leaves and solitary axillary rosette-shaped fragrant 

 flowers of a lurid red or brown colour. 



C. floridus, Carolina Allspice. — A compact bush 6 to 

 8 feet high, producing its dusky flowers in great abun- 

 dance from May to July. There are several vai'ieties 

 in cultivation, including the following: — asplcnif alius, 

 with cut leaves ; bullatus, with bladdery leaves ; and 

 variegatus, with variegated leaves. Carolina, 1726. 



C. occidentalis. — This is a much larger growing species, 

 with large ovate-cordate leaves, and larger brighter- 

 coloured flowers. It prefers a warm sunny situation, 

 for, although hardy, it does not flower freely in a shrub- 

 bery. The variety called macrophyllus in nurseries be- 

 longs to this species. North America, 1831. 



Camellia. The merits of some of the varieties of C. 

 japonica as hardy evergreens have not yet been fully 

 recognized. If given shelter from north and east winds 

 they are quite hardy, and when once established flower 

 charmingly. They like a peaty soil and plenty of mois- 

 ture. The single varieties are preferable to the double 

 ones, and the red to the white. The old variety Donckc- 

 laari is a good one for out-of-doors. 



Caragana. — Very hardy shrubs or small trees, often 

 spiny, with abruptly-pinnate leaves and abundant yellow 

 papilionaceous flowers. Often grafted standard high on 

 the Laburnum, or on C. arborescens. 



C. Altagana (C. rnicrophylla). — A dwarf spiny bush 

 2 to 4 feet high, flowering from May to July. The 



