HARDY ORNAMENTAL TREES AND SHRUBS. 



297 



which is red and the corolla white. It is increased by 

 root-cuttings, and in favourable situations attains a height 

 of 10 feet in three or four years. Japan, 1800. 



Clethra. — Deciduous or evergreen shrubs of small size, 

 Avith simple toothed leaves, and terminal spikes or panicles 

 of white flowers, produced from July to October. Natives 

 of North America. 



C. alnifolia. — This, and the allied species or varieties, 

 C. tornentosa, scabra, paniculata, and acuminata, are 

 quite hardy, and grow about 5 or 6 feet high, the last 

 attaining a height of 10 to 15 feet in its native country. 

 Flowers in erect racemes, produced in autumn, very 

 fragrant. 



Clianthus puniceus, Parrot Flower. — A handsome 

 shrub of erect habit, with pinnate leaves, and showy 

 papilionaceous scarlet flowers in May or June. It re- 

 quires the protection of a wall even in the most favoured 

 localities, and is very well suited in habit for training. 

 New Zealand, 1832. 



Colletia. — A genus of very curious shrubs only hardy 

 in the south, or especially warm localities in the north. 

 They have scarcely any leaves, but are armed with strong 

 spines. C. spinosa and C. cruciata, natives of South 

 America, have dull-white flowers. 



Colutea arboi'escens, Bladder Senna. — A rapid-growing 

 shrub about 10 feet high, with unequally pinnate leaves, 

 and yellow papilionaceous flowers, followed by large blad- 

 der-like pods of a reddish tinge when ripe. Suitable 

 for filling up shrubberies or plantations in almost any 

 situation. South Europe, 1570. 



Comptonia asplenifolia, American Sweet Fern. — A 

 straggling, rather irregularly branched myricaceous shrub, 

 3 to 5 feet high, with elegantly-lobed fern-like fragrant 

 leaves. The flowers are small and inconspicuous. North 

 America, 1714. It prefers moist peaty soil and a shady 

 situation. 



Cordyline. — The New Zealand species of this genus 

 are hardy in the south-west, and from their distinct habit 

 of growth they merit a place, even if cut down in severe 

 winters. They form miniature trees, with slender usually 

 unbranched stems, long narrow flag-like leaves, and large 

 panicles of small white flowers. C. australis, C. Banhsii, 

 and C. indivisa flower in the open air in the milder parts 

 of England and Ireland. They are usually called Dra- 

 ccenas. 



Coriaria myrtifolia. — A handsome free-growing Myr- 

 tle-leaved shrub from 3 to 6 feet high, with the three- 

 nerved leaves lanceolate. Flowers inconspicuous, suc- 

 ceeded by poisonous berries. Rather tender. Mediter- 

 ranean region. 1629. C. japonica is a hardier plant. 

 It grows 2 to 3 feet high, and is chiefly valuable for its 

 brightly-coloured red fruits. Japan. 



Cornus. — Elegant shrubs with simple leaves and white 

 or yellow flowers. 



C. alba. — A shrub 5 to 10 feet high, with deep-red 

 bark, obovate-oblong leaves, and white flowers, succeeded 

 by white fruit. A very effective shrub, especially in 

 winter, on account of the bright colour of the bark. 

 North America, &c, 1741. Var. Spathii has bright- 

 yellow leaves, and is one of the best shrubs with foliage 

 of that colour. 



C. circinata (C. rugosa). — Similar to the last in size 

 and colour of the flowers, but it has larger, broader leaves, 

 and the young shoots are covered with warty excrescences. 

 North America, 1784. 



C. florida, Flowering Dogwood. — A beautiful small 

 tree, attaining in the United States a height of 30 feet. 

 The umbellate flowers are surrounded by a large white 



involucre. It should be planted in the sunniest positions; 

 only. North America, 1731. 



C. Kousa. — A very beautiful species, producing its 

 flowers about midsummer. The involucre measures 3 

 inches across and is white. Japan. 



C. Mas (rnascula), Cornelian Cherry. — This is mere 

 commonly grown than the North American Dogwoods, 

 and usually as a shrub. It has yellow flowers, which 

 are freely produced in February, while it is still leafless. 

 There is a very ornamental variegated variety, which 

 bears an abundance of handsome scarlet fruit. Germany, 

 1596. 



C. sanguinea, Dogwood.-- This is one of the prettiest 

 of our native shrubs. Young shoots bright red ; flowers 

 white ; fruit purple. 



Corokia Cotoneaster. — A pretty evergreen shrub with 

 small grayish leaves and numerous small, star-like yellow 

 flowers. The branches and twigs interlace with each 

 other in a very curious manner. It needs a wall. New 

 Zealand. 



Coronilla Emerus, Scorpion Senna. An undershrub, 

 growing from 3 to 6 feet high, with elegant pinnate 

 foliage, and yellow papilionaceous flowers, red in bud. 

 The petals are remarkable for their long narrow' claw. 

 April to June. Southern Europe, 1596. 



Corylopsis spicata. — A handsome shrub, having Hazel- 

 like leaves, and drooping bracteate spikes of yellow fra- 

 grant flowers, produced in spring before the foliage is 

 developed. Japan, 1862. 



Corylus, Hazel-nut. — This is ornamental in some of 

 its forms, and many of the varieties are useful for their 

 fruit. 



C. Avellana, Hazel. — A useful shrub, of which several 

 varieties are grown in gardens, such as heterophylla, with 

 cut leaves, and purpurea, with deep-purple foliage. The 

 latter is a very effective shrubbery plant. 



C. Colurna. — A tree 30 feet high, with ovate-cordate 

 leaves. Asia Minor, 1665. 



Cotoneaster. — This genus includes both deciduous 

 and evergreen species, which vary also in habit from large 

 shrubs or small trees to dwarf or prostrate bushes. With 

 scarcely an exception the whole of the Cotoneasters may 

 be described as worthy of a place in gardens. The larger 

 species are of extremely graceful habit, whilst the dwarf 

 species make neat, compact bushes which, when furnished 

 with the numerous bright-red fruits, are charming objects. 

 With the exception of C. vulgaris, found wild in Europe 

 as well as in Asia, the Cotoneasters mentioned below r are 

 confined to Northern Asia. 



C. affinis. — A small tree, with lanceolate leaves, cymose 

 flowers, and scarlet berries. Himalayas. 



C. bacillaris. — A deciduous shrub of robust growth; 

 leaves oblong, tapering gradually towards the petiole. 

 The whitish flowers are borne on short cymes. Fruit 

 black. 



C. buxifolia. — An evergreen shrub 4 to 12 feet high, 

 with oblong leaves, 1 inch long, silky beneath, and dis- 

 tinctly fringed on the margins. Berries dull crimson. 1824. 



C. frigida. — A shrub or small tree with oblong, pointed 

 leaves, which in mild winters remain on the branches, 

 along with the red fruits, for the greater part of the 

 season. A robust grower, attaining a height of from 10 

 to 20 feet. 1824. 



C. horizontalis. — A very distinct and handsome shrub 

 of recent introduction. Its stems grows horizontal!}-, only 

 extending upwards when against a wall. The leaves are 

 deciduous, small, and of a very deep green ; the fruits 

 are oval and red. 



