298 



THE GAEDENER'S ASSISTANT. 



C. microphylla. — An evergreen species of dense habit 

 with short branches, and obovate leaves less than \ inch 

 long. Berries crimson. 1824. 



C. Nummularia. — An elegant shrub or small tree, sub- 

 evergreen, growing 10 to 15 feet high ; fruit black. 1824. 



C. rotundifolia. — A shrub 2 to 4 feet high ; branches 

 long, straight, leaves round, about ^ inch in diameter. 

 Berries bright-scarlet. 1825. 



C. Simonsii. — A handsome species, of free bushy growth, 

 with ovate leaves, and orange-coloured berries. It forms 

 a handsome standard, but thus grown it is sub- evergreen. 

 Khasya, 1850. 



C. thymifolia. — Similar to C. microphylla, but smaller 

 in all its parts. A very slow-growing trailer, with flowers 

 tinged with pink. 



C. vulgaris (C. integerrimus). — Height 3 to 5 feet; 

 leaves oblong or ovate, pubescent underneath ; fruits 

 usually red ; but in one variety, melanocarpa, they are 

 black. This species is usually employed as a stock for 

 grafting the dwarf species on. It is found on Great 

 Orme's Head in Carnarvonshire. 



Crataegus. — Trees of small or moderate dimensions, 

 with showy flowers, succeeded in some species by hand- 

 some berries. There are many other species besides 

 those enumerated below. 



C. Oarrierei. — A very handsome tree of unknown origin, 

 with pinkish-white flowers and bright-red fruits persist- 

 ing through the winter. 1883. 



C. coccinea. — Foliage relatively large ; flowers white ; 

 fruits large, bright-red. North America, 1683. C. mollis 

 is closely allied to this, and is frequently confounded 

 with it. It differs in having very pubescent leaves, and 

 in its larger flowers having a more conspicuous red centre. | 



C. cordata, Washington Thorn. — The latest flowering 

 of all the Thorns; flowers white. North America, 1738. 



C. Crus-galli, Cock's-spur Thorn. — Flowers large, white; 

 fruits bright-red, showy. There are several varieties 

 under such names as oralifolia, pyracanthifolia, pruni- 

 folia, and splendent. North America, 1691. 



C. OxyacantJia, Hawthorn or White Thorn. — The varie- 

 ties of this hardy native tree are exceedingly numerous. 

 We need only mention the double -white, double-pink, 

 and double-scarlet, the single-scarlet flowered, Guviperii, 

 and others, as effective in plantations in spring. There 

 is an elegant pendulous and also a fastigiate variety. The 

 Glastonbury Thorn — var. prcecox — is frequently in bloom 

 in midwinter. 



0. pinnatifida (fig. 362). — A fine species, with large, 

 very-deeply-lobed leaves. Flowers and fruits large, the 

 latter deep- red when ripe. China. The variety major 

 (0. Layi, C. chinensis, C. tartar ica) is one of the most 

 striking of all the Thorns. The leaves are 4 to 6 inches 

 long, rich glossy green, the flowers and fruits still larger 

 and handsomer than in the type. 



C. Pyracantha, Fire Thorn. — This is one of the most 

 showy of all evergreens in winter, when covered with its 

 large clusters of orange-scarlet berries. It is exceedingly 

 hardy, and will succeed on an east or north wall. The 

 pinkish -white flowers appear in May. In the open it 

 forms a dense bush. The typical form was introduced 

 from the south of Europe in 1629. Another, slightly 

 different, from the mountains of Northern India, C. 

 ornulata, has more ornamental foliage, and the berries 

 are vermilion. There is also a less ornamental variety 

 with white berries. 



C. tanacctifolia. — A small deciduous tree, with deeply - 

 pinnatifid downy leaves. The flowers are w r hite and the 

 calyx much divided. Levant, 1789. 



Cydonia. See Pyrus. 



Cytisus. — This genus contains numerous showy species, 

 the flowers of which are nearly always of some shade of 

 yellow, but in some species they are purple, in others 

 almost white. Naturally, these shrubs become gaunt 

 and leggy with age, and it is necessary to keep the stock 

 replenished with young plants grown on from seed or 

 cuttings. A great deal may be done to keep them in 

 shapely form by frequent topping when young. Much 

 confusion exists in gardens between this genus and 

 Laburnum, Genista, and Spartium, which see. 



C. albus, White Portugal Broom. — A species with 

 slender, terete branches and very little foliage ; flowers 

 white ; height 6 to 10 feet. South Europe, 1752. 



C. Ardoini. — A prostrate plant under 1 foot in height ; 

 flowers rich yellow. Alps of South Europe, 1867. 



C. biflorus. — A shrub 3 to 5 feet high, producing long 

 graceful shoots clothed with trifoliate silky leaves and 

 yellow flowers in April and May. It should be cut back 

 immediately after flowering. Hungary, 1760. 



C. Tcewensis. — A hybrid raised at Kew between O. 

 Ardoini and C. albus. It is quite prostrate and the 

 flowers are creamy white. 1892. 



C. nigricans. — A pretty shrub about 3 feet high, with 

 small leaves, and terminal racemes of yellow flowers, 

 appearing in June or July. Austria, 1730. 



C. prcecox. — A hybrid between C. albus and C. purgans, 

 flowers sulphur-yellow. One of the earliest to blossom. 



C. purpureus. — This is one of the most attractive of 

 the genus. It is sometimes grown as a standard on the 

 Laburnum. There are white, rose, and purple-flowered 

 varieties. C. Adami is supposed to be a graft hybrid 

 between this and the Common Laburnum, as the same tree 

 simultaneously bears flowers of both species. Southern 

 Europe, 1792. 



C. scoparius, English Broom. — The common golden- 

 yellow wild form of this plant is exceedingly showy ; 

 there are also equally handsome white, sulphur-coloured, 

 double-flowered, and pendulous varieties in cultivation. 

 The variety known as Andreanus {Genista Andreana) is 



Fig. 362.— Crataegus pinnatifida. 



one of the most beautiful shrubs introduced in recent 

 years. The outer petals are of a deeper yellow than in 

 the type, whilst those of the keel are of a rich brown- 

 crimson. Normandy, 1886. 



Daboecia polifolia, St. Daboec's Heath. — A pretty 

 evergreen shrub, native of Ireland, growing from 1 to 



