HARDY ORNAMENTAL TREES AND SHRUBS. 



335 



T. calif ornica (T. Myristica), Californian Nutmeg. — A 

 small round-headed tree from 20 to 40 feet high, with 

 very sharp - pointed two -ranked leaves about 2 inches 

 long, and oblong green fruits resembling a nutmeg when 

 cut across. Mountains of California, 1848. 



T. grandis. — This is quick growing, and forms an 

 exceedingly handsome tree. The leaves are devoid of 

 unpleasant odour, are less than an inch long, glossy dark- 

 green above and silvery beneath. Northern China. 



Tsuga. — The species brought under this name are often 

 referred to Abies, but if we keep Abies distinct from Picea, 

 it is as well to separate Tsuga from Abies. They have 

 linear leaves and very small cones. 



T. canadensis, Hemlock Spruce. — A tree from 50 to 

 80 feet high, with slender pendulous branches, having 

 leaves light-green above, silvery beneath. A very 

 hardy, fast-growing, and graceful tree, succeeding well 

 in damp and rather shady situations. North America, 

 1736. 



T. Mertensiana (T. Albertiana, &c). — Similar to the 

 last, but the leaves are shorter and more slender, and the 

 branchlets are hairy. North America, 1858. 



T. Pattoniana. — A large tree in its native country. In 

 a young state it has the aspect of a Juniper, the leaves 

 being linear and pointed. It is very hardy, and forms 

 an erect densely-branched shrub. North America, 1853. 

 What is known as T. Hookeriana in gardens is a variety 

 of this with shorter and more glaucous leaves. 



T. Sieboldii {Abies Tsuga). — A very handsome small 

 tree somewhat resembling the Yew, but with foliage of 

 brighter green, and marked underneath with two silvery 

 lines. Japan, 1853. 



III. SEA-SIDE AND TOWN TEEES AND 

 SHRUBS. 



SEA-SIDE PLANTING. 



The injury caused by strong sea-winds and 

 salt spray to most kinds of trees and shrubs is 

 well known. The contiguity of the sea is in 

 itself a great benefit to most types of vegeta- 

 tion, owing to the moderating influence it has 

 on the temperature. This is plainly shown in 

 sheltered sea-side gardens such as are to be 

 found in considerable numbers along the south 

 coasts of Devon and Cornwall. Here many of the 

 plants that require a cool greenhouse even as 

 far south as London, can be grown permanently 

 out-of-doors without any protection. As far 

 north as Oban the same influence of the sea is 

 discernible; and in sheltered situations, even in 

 the islands of Skye and Lewis, as well as in the 

 Orkney Islands, many plants considered tender 

 in inland localities thrive perfectly. It is when 

 the situation is exposed to winds coming directly 

 from the sea that the problem of selecting suit- 

 able trees and shrubs arises — such, for instance, 

 as the promenades and sea-fronts of nearly all 

 watering-places. The plants which can be in- 

 cluded as specially adapted to positions like 

 those just mentioned may be divided into two 



groups: — 1. Those that have the power to re- 

 sist the direct effects of strong salt-laden winds; 

 and 2. those that will only withstand the same 

 effects in a lesser degree, and when slightly 

 screened or sheltered. 



In planting sea-side gardens the first group 

 will have to be drawn upon to furnish screen or 

 shelter plants — those, in other words, that are 

 able to bear the brunt of the storm. To the 

 leeward, or rather inland side, those of the 

 second group may be used. The trees and 

 shrubs that come under these two groups are 

 given in the sub joined tabulated lists A and B. 

 They are arranged as nearly as can be ascer- 

 tained in the order of their power of resisting 

 the effects of the sea-breeze: — 



A. — Trees and shrubs that withstand the sea-breeze. 

 Deciduous Shrubs. 



Hippophae rhamnoides. 



Ulex europaeus. 



Tamarix gallica. A most valu- 

 able screen plant, extensively 

 employed on the south coast. 

 It thrives well in fully ex- 

 posed situations on the Firth 

 of Forth. T. tetrandra and 

 T. chinensis may be used in 

 less exposed places. 



Myricaria germanica. 



Sambucus nigra. Forms an effi- 

 cient screen -fence on poor 

 soil if pruned twice or three 

 times a year. 



Lycium europaeum and L. bar- 

 barum. Maybe employed fur 

 covering an external fence. 

 The latter is hardier. 



Cytisus scoparius. 



Berberis vulgaris. 



Bhamnus catharticus. 



Juniperus communis. 



Eibes sanguineum. 



Symphoricarpus racemosus. 



Corylus Avellana. 



Eosa spinosissima; R. rubi- 

 ginosa. 



Ceanothus americanus. 



Hydrangea Hortensia. 



Evergreen Shrubs. 



Euonymus japonicus and its 

 several varieties. 



Veronica decussata. Eeported 

 by Mr. Gorrie as free and 

 symmetrical, growing in a 

 position fully exposed to the 

 sea-winds and salt'- water 

 spray on the island of Eousay 

 in Orkney. 



Ilex Aquifolium crassifolia, I. 

 A. scotica, I. A. Hodginsii, 

 and generally the thick-leaved 

 varieties. 



Hedera Helix, H. canadensis, 

 H.algeriensis, H.Ecegneriana, 

 and other varieties. May be 

 grown over a pile of rough 

 stones or a tree-root, and will 

 assume the character of a 

 distinct and branching ever- 

 green, in positions unsuited 



for the growth of laurels and 



other broad - leaved ever- 

 greens. 

 Ehododendron catawbiense, B. 



ponticum, and most of the 



thick-leaved kinds. 

 Chenopodium fruticosum. 

 Bupleurum fruticosum. 

 Escalloniamacrantha, E. ptero- 



cladon. 

 Cotoneaster microphylla, C. 



Simonsii. 

 Atriplex Halimus. 

 Berberis Darwinii; B. empetri- 



folia, B. Aquifolium (Ma- 



honia). 

 Quercus Ilex. 

 Crataegus Pyracantha. 

 Bhamnus Alaternus. 

 Phillyrea media, P. angustifolia, 



P. latifolia. 



Trees. 



Salix Caprea, S. cinerea, S. 



alba, S. rubra, S. viminalis. 



These are all good as screen 



plants. 

 Pyrus communis. Useful to 



f < »rm a strong fence in exposed 



places. 

 Pyrus Aucuparia. 

 Acer Pseudo-Platanus. 

 Ulmus montana. 

 Pinus austriaca, P. Laricio, P. 



Pinaster, P. Pumilio. On the 



south coast Pinus insignis, P. 



muricata, P. inops, and P. 



contorta do well. 

 Crataegus Oxyacantha. 

 Betula alba. 

 Pyrus Sorbus. 

 Fraxinus excelsior. 

 Laburnum alpinum. Has much 



greater power of endurance 



than the common variety. 

 Carpinus Betulus. 

 Fagus sylvatica. 

 Populus canescens. 

 Alnus glutinosa. 



