HARDY HERBACEOUS PERENNIALS. 



375 



showy tubular red and yellow flowers. Prefers a mixture 

 of loam, leaf-mould, and peat, with plenty of sand ; and 

 partial shade. Propagation by cuttings. 



Spiraea (Meadow-sweet). — Handsome plants related 

 to the Hawthorns and mostly shrubby in habit. The 

 small flowers are usually whitish, tinged with yellow or 

 purple, and are produced in feathery plumes, ranging from 

 1 to 6 or more feet in height. The species included here 

 delight in a rich, moist soil, and are ornamental when 

 planted on the margin of lakes or streams or in the bog 

 garden. Increased by division or seeds. 



S. Aruncus. Whitish, 3 to 4 feet. Northern regions. 



S. astilboicles. White, 2 feet. Japan. 



S. FUipendulafi. pi. Double, white, 2 feet. Europe (Britain). 



& palmata. Rosy-crimson, 2h feet. Japan. 



S. Ulmaria. Creamy-white, 2 to 4 feet. Europe (Britain). 



Statice (Sea-Lavender). — Beautiful plants of the Thrift 

 family, suitable for the open border or rockery. The 

 flowers, which are bluish in most of the species, have 

 scarious petals crisp to the touch, and retain their colour 

 all winter if cut and dried before they fade. Propagation 

 by seeds. 



S. Fortunei. Yellow, 9 inches. China. 

 S. Gmelini. Deep-lavender, 2 feet. Caucasus. 

 S. latifolia. Lavender-blue, 2J feet. Bulgaria. 

 S. Limonium. Deep-blue, 2 feet. Europe (Britain). 

 „ var. alba. White, 2 feet. 



Sternbergia. — Bulbous plants related to Amaryllis, 

 but with flowers not unlike those of Crocus. They are 



Fig. 465.— Sternbergia lutea. 



natives of Asia Minor and the Mediterranean region. The 

 flowers, which are bright golden -yellow, are produced in 

 autumn, except 8. Fischeriana, which flowers in spring. 

 The leaves, which are developed in summer, are strap- 

 shaped and of a dark glossy-green. They like a warm, 

 sunny corner, similar to that which suits the Belladonna 

 Lily. Increased by offsets. 



S. Fischeriana. Golden-yellow, 6 inches. Asia Minor. 

 S. lutea (fig. 465). Bright-yellow, 6 inches. Mediterranean 

 region. 

 S. macrantha. Yellow, large, 6 to 9 inches. Asia Minor. 



Stylophorum. — Handsome Poppyworts with grayish 



foliage and yellow flowers. They prefer a light, rich soil 

 and should be left undisturbed. Propagation by seeds. 



S. diphgllum. Yellow, 1\ feet. North America. 

 S. japonicum. Yellow, 2 to 3 feet. Japan. 



Symphyandra. — Related to Campanula. The flowers 

 are cream, lilac, or dark purplish-blue, and bell-shaped; 

 but the anthers are connate, whilst in Campanula they 

 are free. Two of the best species are biennial, viz. ,S'. 

 Hofmanni, with white flowers, and S. Wanneri, reddish- 

 purple flowers. 



S. pendula. Creamy-white, 6 inches. Caucasus. 



Thalictrum (Meadow Rue). — Valuable plants for the 

 border, and also for naturalization and shrubberies. The 

 foliage of all is elegant and graceful, while the tall, upright 

 racemes of creamy- white feathery flowers are particularly 

 effective. A sandy loam suits them best, and propagation 

 is effected either by division or seeds. 



T. angustifolium. Yellow, 4 feet. Europe. 



T. aquilegifolium. Yellowish, 4 feet. Europe. 



T. Delavayi. Purple, 2 feet. China. 



T. flavum. Golden-yellow, 4 feet. Europe (Britain). 



T. minus. Creamy- white, 1 foot. Europe (Britain). 



Thymus. — Pretty dwarf rock-plants with rosy flowers 

 and fragrant foliage. They spread rapidly, and form effec- 

 tive cushion-like tufts, which are literally covered in summer 

 with rose-coloured flowers. T. Chamcedrys and its varieties, 

 with T. Serpyllum and its grayish woolly-leaved variety, 

 lanuginosus, are the prettiest and best of the genus. 



Tiarella cordifolia (Foam - flower). — An 

 attractive little plant belonging to Saxifra- 

 gacese, with feathery plumes of small white 

 flowers developed in spring, and heart-shaped 

 leaves. Suitable for a moist position on the 

 rockery, equally happy in the herbaceous 

 border. It grows to a height of 6 inches, 

 and is a native of North America. There 

 are two or three other species not often seen 

 out of botanic gardens. 



Tigridia. — Handsome flowering Mexican 

 bulbous plants requiring extra care to do 

 them well. Their large red, orange, or white 

 flowers are most gorgeous. They grow best 

 on a light, rich soil, and may pass the winter 

 unharmed in such a position ; but it is usual 

 to lift the bulbs in November, storing them 

 in a dry place until April, when they are 

 again planted. In lifting, as much of the 

 foliage as possible should be left on. the 

 object being to prevent shrivelling of the 

 bulbs. They grow well in moist ground in 

 some soils, but they must have plenty of 

 sunshine. 



T. Pavonia (fig. 466). Orange-red, spotted, 4 feet. 

 Mexico. 

 T. Pavonia, var. alba. White, spotted violet and red. 

 „ var. grandiflora. 



Tradescantia (Spiderwort). — Handsome plants for 

 the border or rock garden, useful also for shrubberies or 

 for naturalization. They form erect bushes IS inches 

 in height, the flowers being produced at the ends of the 

 branches in umbels. 



T. congesta. Light-blue, 2 feet. North America. 

 T. virginiana. Pale-pnrple, Ik foot. North America. 

 ,, var. alba. White, U foot. 



Trillium (Wood -Lily). — North American plants of 

 great beauty, and very useful for spring effects. They 



