KITCHEN-GARDEN VEGETABLES. 
arched; roots 9 inches in circumference; flesh purple; a first- 
rate table kind, being of excellent quality when cooked. 
Nutting’s Dwarf Red.—Leaves 12 inches high, dark 
blood-red; roots 9 inches 
in circumference, with a 
conical crown; flesh pur- 
plish, sweet when cooked, 
the flavour excellent. 
Paul’s — Crimson. — 
Leaves about a_ foot 
long, blood-red, much 
wrinkled; root 8 inches 
in circumference, with a 
Re agit 
Bx 
broad flattish crown; flesh 
crimson, when cooked sweet, 
mild, tender, and free from 
earthiness. 
Red Castelnaudary (fig. 
1159).—Much esteemed for 
its superior nut-like flavour. 
Leaves green, with purple 
veins, thickly — clustered, 
spreading, foot-stalks purple, 
not exceeding 3 inches; root 
2 inches in diameter, taper- 
ing, 9 inches long; flesh deep- 
purple, very tender and sweet, Fig. 1159.—Beet—Red Castelnaudary. 
preserving its colour when 
boiled. May be grown closer than the others, as it 
occupies much less space in the ground. 
Short’s Pine-apple.—Leaves 7 inches high, dark-purple, 
the stalks tinged with dull-orange; roots 6 to 8 inches in 
circumference, the surface bluntly furrowed, the crown 
conical; flesh deep-crimson, tender when cooked, sugary, 
and well-flavoured. Is remarkable for its dwarf compact 
habit. 
Turnip-rooted Red (fig. 
1160).—Leaves few, the 
foot-stalks 5 or 6 inches 
long, pale, tinged with 
purple; root purplish-red, 
with irregular rings of a 
lighter colour, pink when 
boiled; though coarse in 
appearance, it 1s tender 
and free from fibres, and 
early in the season is 
excellent. 
White Silesian.—Root 
very large, a little elongated; skin greenish-white; flesh 
white. This variety is largely grown for the extraction 
of sugar, of which it contains from 5 to 12 per cent. 
Fig. 1160.—Beet—Turnip-rooted Red. 
-Borecole, or Kale (Brassica oleracea acephala). | 
407 
—The Borecoles constitute one of the hardiest 
divisions of the Cabbage tribe, and on this ac- 
count they are useful in northern climates for 
the supply of winter greens. They thrive in 
any garden soil if provided with plenty of 
manure. For a north border the Dwarf Curled 
is the most suitable. The main: crop should 
be sown in the first week of April, or, in the 
northern parts of the kingdom, in the third 
week of March; and for a succession again in 
the first week of May. A sowing of the Buda 
Kale for late spring use should be made in the 
last week of August, in rows 2 feet apart, where 
the plants are to grow, thinning to a distance of 
6 inches apart, or transplanting in September. 
The Tree, Thousand-headed, and Flanders should 
be sown early in spring, or, preferably, in the 
north in the first week in August. 
The plants should not be allowed to get over- 
crowded in the seed-bed, which should be relieved 
by pricking out a portion in some spare corner 
where they will enjoy light and air. By these 
means a healthy stock, capable of producing 
more succulent greens than could be expected 
from a plantation formed of lingering ill-con- 
ditioned plants, will be ensured. The distance 
of planting will depend on the variety and on 
the nature of the soil, the large growing sorts, 
of course, requiring more space than the smaller 
ones, and the whole of the sorts more in rich 
soil than in that which is comparatively poor. 
In general, however, they may be planted in 
rows 2 to 25 feet apart, and 18 inches from 
plant to plant in the rows. Tree and Thousand- 
headed require to be planted 2 or 3 feet apart 
each way. The subsequent culture consists in 
watering till the plants strike root if the weather 
proves dry, hoeing and stirring the soil between 
the rows, and as the tall sorts advance in growth, 
earthing up the stems. Caterpillars should be 
shaken or picked off and destroyed. 
In gathering, the heads of the Dwarf and 
Tall Borecoles should be cut first; the stem will 
then push fresh lateral sprouts. 
To suve Seed.—This is an easy matter; but to 
save the varieties true to the kind is frequently 
difficult, notwithstanding the greatest care, the 
different varieties of the Brassica tribe being so 
liable to cross in consequence of the pollen being 
carried from one variety to another by bees, 
flies, or other insects, or even by the wind. It 
is therefore not sufficient to net the seed-plants, 
so that bees cannot reach the flowers; it is even 
questionable whether the reverse of what is 
intended is not occasioned by so doing, for the 
bees in hovering above the netting will lose 
