418 
the plants are most susceptible to the disease 
during the first three weeks after germination, 
and that 35 bushels of lime per acre is sufficient 
to arrest the disease.” (G. Massee, Tezxt-book of 
Plant Inseases.) 
Insects, &c.—See chapter on this subject. 
Leaf Enemies.—Blue Cabbage Flea, Cabbage 
Aphis, Cabbage Butterflies, Cabbage Moth, Cab- 
bage Powdered-wing, Diamond-back Moth, Gar- 
den Pebble Moth, Slugs and Snails. Loot 
Enemies.—Cabbage Fly, Cabbage Gall Weevil, 
Daddy Long-legs, Dart Moths, Millipedes, Pot- 
herb Moth, Wireworms, Yellow Underwing 
Moth. 
SELECTION OF VARIETIES. 
All Heart (fig. 1173).—Heads of medium size, conical, 
compact, with very few outer leaves. An excellent variety 
for spring, summer, or autumn sowing. 
. 1173 —Cabbage—All Heart. 
Fig 
Beaconsfield.— After the style of Ellam’s, but later. 
dwarf grower with a conical solid head. 
August for a late spring crop. 
Christmas Druwmhead.— Heads large, flat, somewhat 
spreading. An excellent variety for spring sowing, and 
for market or large establishments. Not suitable for 
autumn sowing. 
Cocoa-nut. read close, egg-shaped, sweet and mild in 
flavour. Should be sown in “March and July and planted 
15 inches apart. 
Early Battersea.—One of the oldest and best. Said to 
have been cultivated in London 150 years ago. It is 
dwarf, with a conical head, does not crack, and is sweet 
and tender when cooked. It has received numerous names. 
In the last edition of this work no less than thirty-seven 
synonyms were cited for it. 
Early Offenham.—Much grown by market-gardeners. 
It forms medium, conical, firm hearts of excellent quality. 
Early York.— An old, much-esteemed sort, generally 
grown as an early crop. It is dwarf, with oval head, and 
has dark-green leaves with comparatively thin ribs. 
Ellam’s Early Dwarf (fig. 1170)—Heads of medium 
size, ovate, compact, of fine flavour. A first-rate variety 
for autumn sowing, but not so good for spring or early 
summer sowing. 
Seeds sown in 
colour. 
A | 
THE GARDENER’S ASSISTANT. 
First and Best.—Heads rather large, conical, very com- 
pact, of good flavour. May be had practically all the year 
round by making monthly sowings. 
Flower of Spring.—Heads of medium size, ovate, com- 
pact, of a fine delicate flavour. Excellent for spring, early 
summer, or autumn sowing. 
Improved Nonpareil.—Heads of edu size, ovate, 
compact, with a small spread of outer leaves, very tender 
and of good flavour. Good for summer, autumn, or spring 
use. 
LInttle Gem.—Heads small, ovate, and very compact, of 
a delicate and tender flavour. Excellent for spring or 
early summer sowing. May be cooked and served whole. 
Inttle Pixie (Tom Thumb).—A small compact-headed 
sort of excellent quality and very early. Much grown in 
small gardens. 
Matchless.—An excellent small early variety of dwarf, 
compact habit, turns in quickly and hearts well, very deli- 
cate in flavour. 
Mein’s No. 1.—Heads large, conical, with rather spread- 
ing outer leaves, of good quality. A very reliable hardy 
variety for autumn sowing. 
Selected Winningstadt.—Heads large, conical, sharply 
pointed, moderate spread of outer leaves, of a tender, deli- 
cate flavour. A first-rate variety for spring or early summer 
sowing, but not so useful for autumn sowing. 
St. John’s Day.—Hearts medium size, roundish, com- 
pact, of delicate flavour, and useful for spring, summer, or 
autumn crops. 
Sutton’s Earliest (fig. 1171).—Heads rather large, ovate, 
remarkably compact, of a very delicate flavour, and may 
be had nearly all the year round. 
Sutton’s Maincrop.— Hearts large, flattish, rather 
spreading, and of very good flavour. A first-rate summer 
and autumn Cabbage, but not recommended for autumn 
sowing. 
RED CABBAGE (Brassica oleracea capitata 
rubra.)—Of this, which is principally used for 
pickling, there are several varieties, differing in 
the size of their heads and in the depth of 
The principal are :— 
Dwarf Blood Red.—Heads small, round, compact, and 
of a deep-red colour; excellent for pickling. If sown in 
spring it is ready for use in the early autumn. 
Dwarf Red.—This has a small firm head, and is of finer 
quality than the preceding. 
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Red Drumhead.— Heads very large, flat, deep-red, 
moderately compact. An excellent market variety. Suit- 
able for spring or autumn sowing. 
Red Dutch.—Head large, round, or flattened; the sort 
chiefly grown in market-gardens. 
Utrecht Red.—A small but very fine dark-red Cabbage. 
It may be sown in the first week of April and in the end 
of July. 
Capsicum.—Several species of Capsicum are 
cultivated for their seed-pods, and are popularly 
known as Chili-peppers. In a green state they 
are used in salads, in pickles, and for making 
Chili vinegar; dried and ground, when ripe, 
they form Cayenne pepper. The frequent adul- 
teration of this condiment with red-lead and 
other poisonous substances renders the cultiva- 
