420 
of the Artichoke, have the property of curdling 
milk. 
This plant prefers a light, warm, moderately 
rich soil, and an open situation. All the sorts 
are raised from seeds, either sown where the 
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Fig. 1176.—Caraway (Carum Carui). 
plants are to remain, or in pots under a frame 
for transplanting. A small quantity to come 
in early may be sown on a hot-bed about the 
end of March, but the main crop should not be 
sown till the middle of April; and where the 
climate is warm, it is advisable to defer sowing 
till the end of the month. A sowing for a late 
crop may be made about the end of June. 
THE GARDENER’S ASSISTANT. 
Trenches 1 foot deep, 18 inches wide, and not 
less than 4 feet apart from centre to centre 
should be prepared, and from 6 to 9 inches of 
well-decomposed dung should be dug in the 
bottoms; the seeds may then be sown in the 
centre of the trench, in patches of three or four, 
and covered with earth to the depth of about 
linch. The distance between the patches may 
be 18 inches. When the plants are 2 or 3 
inches high they should be thinned out, only 
the strongest plant in each patch being allowed 
to remain. 
Some experienced growers choose for the 
Cardoon a piece of ground in an open position 
that requires well pulverizing and a rest from 
heavy cropping. Having marked off the spaces 
for the trenches and ridges, allowing 6 feet for 
each, those spaces marked out for the ridges 
are manured well and dug, keeping in view the 
improving of the pieces of ground for other 
crops, as well as providing for the Cardoon. 
The trenches are next dug out 1 foot deep, lay- 
ing the soil right and left on the ridges, and 
breaking the lumps well as the work proceeds. 
The sides of the ridges should be well sloped off 
and beaten smooth with the back of the spade. — 
A compost, consisting of equal portions of 
chopped turfy soil, good half-rotted manure, and 
road-drift or fine ashes, and, if to be had, some 
burned clay, is put in the bottom of the trench 
_ toa depth of 4 to 6 inches, and forked in in such 
a manner as to keep the compost merely covered, 
while the ground below is loosened to the depth 
of 1 foot. The trench ought then to lie uncropped 
until the season for planting, by which time the 
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ground will be in fine order for them. 
Two rows of dwarf Peas are sown upon the 
ridges, and a row of Spinach between; these 
_will be off before the Cardoons require earthing 
up. In the first week in May the seeds are 
sown in thumb-pots, placing two sound seeds at 
opposite sides of the pot, plunging the pots in 
_acold frame, which is kept close until the plants 
appear, when plenty of air is admitted to pre- 
vent drawing. When a fortnight old they will 
be strong enough to plant out in this order: 
one row up the centre of each trench, 18 inches 
apart, and a row 2 feet from it in quincunx 
fashion on each side. : 
Planting two plants together is to guard 
against losses by insects, and when all danger 
from this is over the weakest can be destroyed. 
Raising them in pots, instead of sowing them 
in the ground, is to prevent gaps in the rows, 
and to give the opportunity of having all the 
plants in the ridge of equal size, so that when 
