444 
Incomparable Green Curled.—Not so finely curled as 
some other varieties, but one of the largest, and produces 
beautiful white crisp hearts. Does not readily run to seed. 
Fig. 1194.—Endive—Broad-leaved Batavian. 
Italian Green Curled.—Leaves narrow, divided to the 
very midrib, segments also much cut and curled; whole 
plant dark-green. Ties up well. 
Large Green Curled.—Leaves longer and rather more 
upright than those of the Small Green Curled. It ties 
up well to blanch, is hardy, and is not subject to rot. 
Lettuce-leaved Batavian.—Leaves large, obtuse, ragged 
at the edges, of a pale colour even when young. They 
require to be tied up for blanching. Should only be culti- 
vated for early use, as it is tender. 
Moss.—A small, very finely-cut and curled sort, allied 
to Stag’s-horn. 
Small Batavian.—Leaves pale-green, slightly ragged at 
the edges, forming a good heart; mild and sweet compared 
with others. 
Small Green Curled.—Leaves much cut and curled, 
lying flat on the ground; heart-leaves full and close. It 
is slow in hearting, and when sown early is apt to run. 
Stag’s-horn.—Leaves deep-green, finely cut, but not 
much curled; heart full, yellow, and tender. One of the 
principal kinds grown for the Paris markets. 
White Curled.—-Leaves flat on the ground, with a very 
open heart, pale-yellowish. Is best when cut very young 
for salads. 
White-fowered Batavian.—Blanches white and tender. 
Flowers white. Highly deserving of cultivation. 
Winter Curled.—A large hardy, curled Endive, admir- 
ably adapted for winter use. 
Fennel (Feniculum vulgare), a perennial, 
native of South Europe, naturalized in this 
country. Its tall, finely-divided, aromatic leaves 
are used in fish-sauces and for garnishing, the 
stalks are eaten in salads, and the seeds are 
employed in confectionery and for flavouring 
liqueurs. 
The two varieties cultivated are the common 
or Sweet and Finochio Fennel (fig. 1195). 
The common Fennel may be propagated by 
sowing the seeds in February, March, or April, 
on a light warm soil, in shallow drills 15 inches 
apart, thinning out the young plants to 1 foot 
apart; or the seeds may be sown in a bed, and 
the seedlings planted out when 3 or 4 inches 
high. With the ordinary culture of keeping the 
ground free of weeds, and stirring it occasion- 
THE GARDENER’S ASSISTANT. 
ally, a plantation will last several years. If seeds 
are not to be saved, the plants should be topped, 
with the view of encouraging a growth of young 
and tender leaves, and to prevent the produc- 
tion of seeds, which, if allowed to ripen, would 
scatter, and seedlings would spring up im all 
directions. 
Finochio Fennel is seldom grown in this 
country, but in Italy it is much cultivated for 
its swollen leaf-stalks, which are shorter and 
rounder than in Celery, and which are blanched 
and eaten raw with pepper and salt; or boiled 
with fowl, meat, Parmesan cheese, or macaroni. 
Finochio requires a rich soil, and should be 
sown in drills 1 foot apart, thinning out, when 
the young plants are well established, to 8 
inches in the row. The ground should be stirred 
and frequently watered, in order that they may 
grow rapidly; they should be earthed up about 
three weeks before they are to be used. 
A sowing should be made about the middle 
or end of March, according to the season; and 
monthly from that time till the end of July or 
Fig. 1195.—Finochio Fennel. 
beginning of August, if a constant succession is 
required. The plants from the first sowing will 
be fit for use in July, and the others will come 
in for use in succession till December. At the 
approach of frost, the plants should be pro- 
tected with fern or litter. 
Garlic (Allium sativum). A hardy perennial, 
native of South Europe. It is cultivated for its 
bulbs (fig. 1196), which are used in soups, stews, 
and other ways; but not so much in Britain 
as in Italy, Spain, Germany, and the south of 
France—its strong flavour, and the offensive 
smell which it communicates to the breath, 
causing it to be sparingly used in our cookery. 
Garlic succeeds best in a light, rich, and rather 
dry soil, and a warm situation. It is propagated 
