522 
become forked or fingered, and ultimately rot. 
For particulars see under Cabbage, p. 417. 
The principal garden varieties are :— 
Chirk Castle Black Stone.—A strap-leaved sort with 
ball-like black-skinned roots, the flesh white and tender, 
mild in flavour. Useful in winter. 
Criterion.—A distinct type of garden Turnip, especially 
suited for early use, and also as a general crop. It is a 
strap-leaved variety, having a red top; flesh pure and 
white, sweet and mild in flavour. 
Early Six-weeks.—Globular, and growing chiefly above- 
ground. Skin greenish-white; flesh white, tender, and of 
good flavour. Very early, and only adapted for use in a 
young state in summer and autumn. 
Early Snowball (fig. 1289).—The earliest and most per- 
fectly formed round white Turnip for garden use. Flesh 
snowy-white, solid, and mild in flavour. Unequalled for 
the exhibition table. 
Early White Dutch (fig. 1290).—Roundish-oblate or flat- 
tened, skin white; flesh white and very tender; must be 
used in a young state. From 2 to 24 inches in diameter 
is a good size for use. 
Extra Early Milan.—A remarkably early strap-leaved 
variety, remaining a long time fit for use. The roots are 
white, with purple top, round, flattened, and solid, with 
a very Slender tap-root; flesh pure white, sweet, crisp, 
and of excellent quality. There is also a pure white- 
skinned form of it. 
Matchless.—A valuable companion to Criterion, resem- 
bling that variety in shape, but with a green instead of a 
red top. A great acquisition to the list of garden Turnips. 
The roots go such a depth in the soil that it can stand the 
dry weather. 
Orange Jelly (Golden Ball).—Of a handsome round form, 
with a small top. The skin is pale-orange, the flesh yellow, 
juicy, sweet, and tender. It has very little fibre, so that 
when boiled it almost acquires the consistence of a jelly. 
Fig. 1290.—Turnip—Early White Dutch. 
Red American Stone.—Small, oblate, growing chiefly 
above-ground. Skin violet where exposed to the light, 
white elsewhere; flesh white and tender, but not so sweet 
as that of many other sorts. 
Red Globe (Veitch).—Appreciated for its form, colour, 
and flavour. Roots globular, and the colour of the top 
shows to advantage on the exhibition stage. Flesh white 
and of the finest quality. Does weli on heavy soils. 
Scarlet Perfection.—For its fine colour, striking form, 
and high quality this Turnip deserves to be widely grown. 
In shape it is a counterpart of Yellow Perfection, but the 
skin is of a crimson-scarlet colour, and on the exhibition 
table it presents a most attractive appearance. Flesh 
white, close; flavour sweet. 
| 
THE GARDENER’S ASSISTANT. 
Scotch Yellow.—Roundish, growing about half above- 
ground. Skin yellow; flesh yellow, firm, and very sweet. 
An exceedingly hardy sort, standing a severe winter better 
than any other garden variety. In the south it should be 
Fig. 1291.—Fingers-and-toes Disease in T'urnips. 
sown for winter use about the middle of July, and in the 
north in the beginning of thet month. 
Teltow (fig. 1292).—Very small, with a tapering root, 
and a top not larger than that of a Radish. The flesh is 
firm, very hot, but the rind is more especially so; this 
part, however, is not peeled off, as in it the piquant flavour 
is principally contained. It is employed in ragouts, and 
for seasoning in various ways. It should be sown in light 
sandy soil. In the neighbourhood of Teltow, in 
Brandenburg, it is sown in April, and again in 
August; but for the second sowing in this country 
July is late enough. 
White Gem.—Good for forcing or for the early 
border. It is oblong in shape, remarkably quick 
in growth, and of delicious flavour. It forces with 
greater success, and is also valuable for sowing on 
an early border in the open for first supplies. 
White Stone.—Round, somewhat flattened, larger 
than Early White Dutch. Skin white, tinged with 
green; flesh white, of fine quality. It is well 
adapted for late sowings, and is soon fit for use; 
sown in spring it is apt to run quickly to seed. 
Yellow Finland (fig. 1293).—Small, round above, 
concave below, with a very small tap-root. Top 
small. Skin smooth and yellow; flesh yellow and very 
sweet. An excellent sort, somewhat earlier than the 
Yellow Malta, to which it bears considerable resemblance. 
It should be sown in June and July. 
Yellow Malta.— About 2 inches in diameter, round, 
flattened above, and rather concave below, with a small 
tap-root proceeding from the centre of the hollow. Flesh 
yellow and tender. An excellent sort. , 
Yellow Perfection.—Delicious in flavour, shape rather 
flat, with short top; colour golden-yellow; certainly one 
of the handsomest. Matures quickly. 
Vegetable Marrow (Cucurbito Pepo) (fig. 
1294).—The true Vegetable Marrow has long 
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