CALENDAR OF OPERATIONS IN THE FRUIT AND 
KITCHEN GARDENS. 
Although calendarial directions for garden 
operations cannot be strictly followed in all 
cases, differences in climate, soil, and other con- 
ditions often rendering deviation expedient or 
absolutely necessary, yet it will be found that 
in the following Calendar most of the circum- 
stances that lead to exceptions have been noticed, 
and suitable directions given. It would be 
almost impossible to provide for every con- 
tingency; but any intelligent person will easily 
adopt such modifications as his particular case 
may require. It is presumed that the directions 
here given will be generally applicable through- 
out the United Kingdom. Within certain 
limits of elevation the difference between the 
temperatures of any two places is much less 
than frequently occurs between the tempera- 
ture of the same season in two different years 
at the same place. For example, if we take 
March—the principal spring month for seed- 
sowing—we find that over nearly ten degrees 
of latitude, extending from Paris to Wick, in 
Caithness, the mean temperature of that month 
differs very little on the average of a number of 
years, as will be seen by the following table :— 
Mean Temperature 
Latitude. of March. 
ais ere ieee terete. kot ASO: (er een sence 43°79 
LEO{G1ESO eae ane le en a AOU 2O Sy aA ae 41°12 
Per SSC) Sie ees sae axe eins HOMO T EA eee eee 42°78 
Chiswick (London) ......... TAA ae ore See reo 42°23 
Boston (Lincolnshire) ...... 52, 480 eae oe: 41-67 
15 {0 0) Fi RPS ae aa ee aS Mee Le a a AR te 42°46 
1 LAN Gi OF00) betas ae Doe ZO) mene ete 44°44 
1266 1105) 9100 42 6 ee eee a DO=OOIA Renter nee 40°53 
1D AI0(8 (eye ean aa ee DORZ ie et wen ee 42°20 
4) 478) 98 (212) 0 be ar ORG soe Acree 42°80 
[S00 @ cone eh Osea nN Ree ROO tree eee. 40°53 
\ NISC ek rn aa ea Rae Seen a oH AY Anes ame en cts Ua 41-94 
From the above it appears that the mean 
temperature of March is nearly the same at Lon- 
don, Dublin, Dundee, and Aberdeen, although 
the last-named of these places is nearly 400 miles 
north of the first. At Elgin the month of March 
is Just as warm as it is at Edinburgh, and at 
Wick the mean temperature at that period of 
the year is higher than at Edinburgh. It will 
also be seen that at all the above places the differ- 
ence of temperature in March is not such as to 
materially affect the CALENDAR OF OPERATIONS. 
In fact its scope may include all those widely- 
distant places. 
But in the same month in different years at 
the same place, a considerable variation fre- 
quently occurs, in consequence of which modi- 
fications of usually applicable directions have 
to be made. The mean temperature of the 
month to which we have referred varies as 
much as ten degrees in different years; and 
operations such as sowing and planting, which 
in ordinary seasons would be proper for the 
first week of March, may not be practicable, in 
consequence of frost and snow, till the very end 
of the month. 
The adaptation of a Calendar, therefore, is 
more affected by the variations of the seasons 
than by any circumstance connected with lo- 
calities fit for gardens throughout the extent of 
the British Islands. 
AUN WR AM ave 
KITCHEN-GARDEN DEPARTMENT. 
If the weather prove frosty, wheel manure to 
quarters where it will be required, taking care, 
however, to put it together in a compact heap if 
it cannot be immediately used. Deep cultivation 
is very essential to produce excellent vegetables. 
Trenching should be carried on, leaving the soil 
on the surface rough to be pulverized by the 
weather, but on no account should masses of 
frozen soil be buried, as they are long in thaw- 
ing; and whilst this is taking place, and for a 
considerable time afterwards, the soil is kept in 
a cold saturated condition, which renders it very 
unfavourable to vegetation. Clear off all vege- 
tables that may have been killed by frost. When 
the state of the soil will permit, stir the surface 
between crops of Cabbage, Lettuce, winter 
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