532 
Onions, Spinach, &c. Small three-pronged drags 
are useful for this purpose. 
Aitichokes.—Remove decaying leaves and cut 
the stems off near the ground. Give addjtional 
protection if the weather is severe, so as to 
prevent the ground from freezing about the 
roots. Some dry leaves or litter should be put 
over the hearts of the plants, but must be re- 
moved when the frost is past. 
Asparagus beds should have a top-dressing 
of well-decomposed manure if they have not 
already been attended to in this respect. Sea- 
weed, and a mixture of cow and horse dung, 
may be employed. This mulching will in due 
time prove to be highly beneficial. 
Beans.—Sow, in a warm situation, Early 
may be sown in pots or boxes for transplanting. 
Towards the end of the month make a sowing 
of Long-Pod and Broad Windsor in rows, 2 
to 3 feet apart. 
Broccoli.—Take up on a dry day such as are 
THE GARDENER’S ASSISTANT. 
plant them deeply in sand in a cellar or shed, 
taking care that the leaves are tied up so as not 
to be broken in the operation. Earth up the 
latest crop when the weather permits. 
Findive.—Tie up, for blanching successively, 
in dry weather. Protect from frost. A quantity 
of Winter Curled, and of Batavian, may be 
taken up from the open ground, and planted 
in sand or dry sandy soil in any dark place 
where there is a temperature of between 50° 
and 55°. 
Horse-Radish.—Make new plantations. Dig 
up and put in sand, for a supply in case of hard 
| frost. 
Jerusalem Artichokes.—Some of these may be 
_taken up and housed. ‘Towards the end of the 
Dwarf Prolific, or Early Long-Pod; and some | 
month a new plantation may be made in any 
| Spare corner. 
Lettuce.—Sow Black-seeded Gotte and Hick’s 
Hardy White Cos, also Stanstead and Early 
fit or nearly fit for use, and place in a cellar. If 
the weather is likely to be severe, those which 
have just commenced to form heads should be 
taken up with a ball and housed. 
Cabbage.—Plant out from the seed-beds some 
of the largest plants of Ellam’s Early. At the 
end of the month sow seeds of the same kind 
on a warm border, or in a cold frame. Some 
seed of Red Cabbage may also be sown at the 
same time. 
Cardoons.—Those which are full-grown may 
be taken up with balls on a dry day, and planted 
among sand in a shed or cellar, where they can 
be protected from frost, taking care to examine 
them frequently, in order to remove all decaying» 
leaves. 
Carrots.—Sow seeds of one or two early sorts 
on a south border. Examine the roots in store, 
and remove any that are unsound; take off 
young growths if any are being made. 
Cauliflowers.—Take up and house those fit for 
use. Sow a few seeds in gentle heat in a frame, 
to be pricked out in due course. When the state 
of the weather will permit, give plenty of air 
to plants under glass, in whatever stage of 
growth they may be. Put mats or litter over 
them when the frost is severe. 
Celery.—Sow a few seeds in pans, in moderate | 
heat under glass, for early use. Protect plants 
in ridges with straw or long stable litter. The 
top of the ridge should be entirely covered about 
12 inches thick. Plants that are completely 
blanched will suffer most from frost; it will 
therefore be advisable to take up some and 
Paris Cabbage kinds. When the leaves are at 
any time a little frozen, care must be taken to 
prevent the sun’s rays from acting upon them 
whilst they are in that state. Give plenty of © 
air in favourable weather to the young plants 
from the autumn sowing, in protecting-frames. 
If the weather prove favourable towards the 
end of the month a few of these may be planted 
out on a sheltered border. 
Onions.—Sow summer kinds in a warm border, 
or in pans in a frame, for transplanting out-of- 
doors for salads. The Queen is an excellent early 
kind, and Early White Naples, a larger variety 
quite as good, sown in August, will now be fit 
to draw for salads. 
Parsley.—Protect a portion from severe frost. 
A little may be sown in a sheltered situation. 
Peas.—Protect early-sown ones from the 
attacks of birds and slugs, Sow a successional 
lot of such early sorts as Chelsea Gem, Excel- 
sior, Acme, or Ideal at the end of the month. 
These are also suitable for sowing in pots to be 
protected under glass, and afterwards planted 
out on a warm border. When the soil is toler- 
ably dry, some earth should be drawn to plants 
a little above-ground; and they should be staked 
rather closely for shelter, as well as for future 
support. 
Potatoes—Plant Ash-leaved Kidney or any 
other good early sort in the driest ground. 
The sets should be placed 7 inches deep. 
Radishes.—Sow under a south wall, or on any 
sheltered border sloping to the sun, covering 
with litter at night, and uncovering during the 
day, when the weather is not severe. 
Spinach.— A few rows may be protected in 
