582 
Ferdinanda eminens—for the subtropical 
; garden, 1, 644. 
Ferns— 
Calendarial directions, i, 6, 9, 10, 13, 18. 
Decorative—descript. and uses of, 1, 527, 
584, 585, 603, 604. 
Hardy— 
Cultivation — general treatment, con- 
struction of rockery (illust.), 1, 603, 
604; culture in pots and under glass, 
1, 603, 604. 
Species, &c.—descriptive list (illusts. ), 1, 
604-608; for water margins, 1o5: 
Hybridization—fertilization in ferns, i, 64, 
65. 
Insect pests—treatment of, 1, 92, 584, 603. 
Propagation—by spores, by division, &c., 
1, 226, 227, 236, 584. 
Stove and greenhouse— 
Construction and management of house, 
regulation of temperature, &c., 1, 582, 
583, 585; illust. of fernery, i, 583. 
Decorative ferns—descript., cult., and 
uses, i, 584; for cutting, for Wardian 
cases, for rockeries and for walls of 
plant-houses, 1, 585. 
General treatment, i, 582, 583; soil for, 
Ty swlrey Eye potting, &e., 1, 584. 
Species, &c.—descriptive list (illusts.), 1, 
586-601. 
[See also titles Lycopodiums, Selagi- 
nellas. | 
Structure and functions, i, 30, 37—vascular 
bundles, i, 37, spores (illust.), 1, 64, 
life- history of a fern (illust.) erly ez 
Subtropical garden—cult. of ferns in, i, 642. 
Fertility and interpollination—influence of 
foreign pollen on formation of fruit, 
ul, 49. 
Fertilization— 
Artificial process, 1, 55. 
Autogamy or close-fertilization—process of, 
i, 51, 54, 55; prevention of in herma- 
phrodital flowers, i, 59; isolation to fix 
varieties, i, 62. 
Cross-fertilization—process and advantage 
of, i, 51, 54, 55; difference of hybridi- 
zation, 1, 55. 
Cryptogamic or flowerless plants, i, 64. 
Fruits —introduction of cross-fertilization | 
and prevention of self-fertilization, ii, 
47; imperfect fertilization of pears, 
cause, &c., li, 123; report on the pol- 
lination of pomaceous fruit, 11, 123, 124. 
Fusion of nuclei—descript. of process, 1, 
48, 53; appearance of sports, 1, 55, 65. 
Hybridization (see that title). 
Pollination—process of, illusts. of style and 
ovule, &c., i, 53, 54, 57, 60; protection 
of pollen, stamen formation, i, 51; 
dispersal of pollen by wind and by 
insect agency (illust.), a 54, 59; poma- 
ceous fruit, il, 123, 12 
Ferula---species, &c., beets and cult., i 
359: 
Fibres of leaves—formation and functions 
of, 1, 39. 
Fibres of wood—formation of (illust.), i, 28. 
Ficus — descript. and cult. of greenhouse 
species, 1, 536, of stove species, i, 550; 
F. elastica in subtropical garden, a, 
644; F. Carica (illust.), and the origin 
and cult. of figs, 11, 212, 213. 
Fig-Marigold—descript. and cult. of, i, 395 
Figs— 
Calendarial directions—outdoor, ii, 536, 539, 
542, 550, 558; for forcing, li, 534, 537; 
539, 542, 545, 547, 549, SST, 553, 554, 
557> 559- 
Caprification of inflorescences—use of pro- 
cess, i, 58; il, 274. 
Character and formation of the fruit— 
descript. and illusts., ll, 213; nature 
of trees planted in Southern Europe, 
li, 214. 
Culture in open air—soil and situation, 
li, 214; fruiting, growth of shoots and 
fruit-buds (illusts.), li, 214-216; pruning 
and training, illust. of giant tree, &c., 
li, 216, 217; protection and propagation, 
il, 207, 200. 
Figs (cont. )— 
Culture under glass—construction and 
management of house, i, 208; 1, 218, 
274; advantages of, il, 218; general 
treatment of trees in borders or pots 
(illusts.), 11, 218-220; orchard-house 
treatment, il, 274, 275. 
Insect pests—treatment of, ii, 220. 
Lists of vars.—for British culture (illusts. ),. 
ii, 220-222, for orchard- HOUSE Cultsaais 
275- 
Origin and history of, 11, 212. 
Packing methods, ii, 377. 
Figure-of-8 moth—iillust.), descript. and 
treatment, i, 85. 
Filbert—(see Hazel-nut). 
Filmy ferns—for Wardian cases, i, 585; 
descript. and cult., 1, 601. 
Finches—fruit and seed enemies, i, 75; 
garden friends, i, 117. 
Finger-and-toe disease — (see Anbury 
disease). 
Fire thorn—descript. of evergreen, i, 298. 
Firs—pruning, i, 256; general cult., soil, &c., 
i, 327, 328; descript. and cult. of. silver 
fir group, i, 328, of spruce firs, i, 331, 
of hemlock spruce, 1, 335- 
Fish guanos—as manure, i, 157, 158. 
Fittonia—species of, descript. and cult., i, 
550. 
Flax plant—descript. and cult., 
Flies—as plant enemies, i, 77, 79, 86, 95, 96, 
99, 101, 102, 103, 107, 108, 112; as 
garden friends, INCL ANc2O, TOT. 
Floral Decoration— 
Baskets, &c., for drawing-rooms, presenta- 
tions, &c.—arrangement of (illust.), i, 
654, 655- 
Domestic decorations—descript. of, 1, 647. 
See also sub-headings Baskets, Table, 
Vases. 
General preparation of materials—cutting 
and wiring flowers, use and method of 
making gum, &c., i, 647-649. 
Personal—descript. of, 1, 647; hand-bou- 
quets and illust. of stand, 1, 649-651; 
button-hole bouquets, head- ieee rt, 
651. 
Table—plants suitable for, i, 12; flower- 
receptacles, &c., i, 652; arrangement 
of flowers (illust.) and fruit on dinner- 
table, 1, 654, 655. 
Vases and Hosen stuss for various pur- 
poses (illusts.), i, 651-653; flower-rack 
illust.), use of, i, 651; arrangement of 
flowers, directions and illusts., 1, 652- 
655 
Wreaths and crosses, i, 647, 651, illust. of, 
1, 655. 
Flower— (see Flowers). 
Flower-beds— formation of (see title 
Flower-gardens and Pleasure-grounds). 
Flower-buds—growth of, i, 46; buds of the 
inflorescence, illust. and growth of, i, 
47; production of fruit, explanation 
and illusts., ii, 169-171, 173. 
Flower enemies—insect and other pes 
(illusts.), descript. and treatment, i, 
71-74. 
Flower-gardens and Pleasure- 
grounds— 
Bedding (see sub-heading Formation of 
Flower-garden; for special bedding, 
see titles Spring-bedding, Carpet-bed- 
ding, &c.). 
Calendar of operations (see that title). 
Decorations—use of fountains, statuary, 
summer-houses, &c., 1, 258, 268, 269, 
276, 277. 
Formation of flower-garden— 
Aspect, extent, position, &c.— general 
remarks on, 1, 258-260. 
Beds—formation (illust.) and planting, 
design and colour considerations, 1, 260, 
263, 264, 637. 
Hardy perennial garden, i, 265, 266. 
Plans for—illusts. and Seen of 
various styles, 1, 262-264; illust. of 
garden at Kew, i, 632. 
1, 364. 
THE GARDENER’S ASSISTANT. 
Flower- gardens and Pleasure - grounds: 
(cont. )— 
Preparation of the ground, drainage, &c., 
1, 260, 261. 
Reserve garden, i, 265. 
Rootery for screening unsightly objects, 
1, 268. 
Formation of pleasure-grounds— 
Approach road and chief walks—level- 
ling, construction, and courses {illust. ), 
1, 269, 271, 272. 
Ground work—general directions, i, 269. 
[See also sub- headings Decorations, 
Trees and Shrubs; and titles Rose- 
garden, Rock-garden, &c.] 
Lawns, Bowling-greens, &c.— 
Formation, drainage, turf, &c., i, 277-280. 
Keeping in order—manures, &c., suit- 
able, i, 279. 
Soil, 
261, 269. 
Trees and Shrubs— 
Arrangement of shrubberies, &c., i, 284. 
Calendarial directions, i, 3, 5, 8, 14, 17, 
IQ, 20. 
Conifers suitable, 1, 327. 
Illust. of grouping, i, 272. 
Pruning and manure, i, 274. 
Selections for various purposes, i, 258, 
269-271, 272-275, Choice of specimens 
to suit neighbourhood, i, 283, for water 
banks, i, 281, 282, 283, 378, for sea-side, 
i, 283, 335, 336. 
Water, ornamental—formation of lakes, 
ponds, &c. (illust.), plantations suitable, 
1, 280-282. : 
Water-supply—appliances and means for, 
1, 26015) 277. 
[See also titles American Garden, Rock- 
garden, Rose-garden, Subtropical Gar- 
den, Wild Garden.] 
Flower rack—(illust.), use of, i, 651. 
Flower-scissors — (illust.), use of, i, 179, 
180. 
Flowers currant and vars.—descript. 
OnIgxe: 
Flowering dogwood—descript. of, i, 297. 
Flowering plants—descript. and construc- 
tion, i, 31; reproduction of, i, 48-58; 
book of reference on, i, a plants 
suitable for conservatory decoration, 
1, 527- 
Flowering rush—descript. of, i, 381. 
Flowering trees suitable for town parks, 
gardens, &c., 1, 339. (Special tree, see 
its name.) 
Flowerless plants—Fertilization and hy- 
bridization, 1, 64. 
Flowers— 
Calendarial directions (see Calendar of 
Operations in the Flower-garden). 
Conditions requisite for production of, 1, 48, 
49. 
Conformation of the flower—descript. and 
illusts., i, 49-53. 
Cutting, packing, and keeping cut flowers 
—directions, i, 472, 568, 648, boxes for 
packing, sizes and prices, 11, 369. 
Floral decoration (see that title). 
Improvements due to judicious cross-fer- 
tilization and hybridization, i, 58. 
Insect agency—influence on form of flowers, 
i, 54. 
Parts of a flower—descript. and illusts., i, 
49-53. (See also names of parts.) 
Signs used for marking unisexual and 
hermaphrodite flowers, i, 49. 
Soil suitable for, i, 141, 260, 261, 269. 
Types of, descriptions—male and female, 
i, 49; hermaphrodital, i, 49, 59; monce- 
cious and dicecious, i, 50, 59; complete 
and incomplete, i, 50; regular and 
irregular, i, 50; double (illust.), i, 63; 
cleistogamous, i, 54. 
[See also titles Flower-gardens, Fertiliza- 
tion, Hybridization, Reproduction. ] 
Flues—heating by, i, 216. 
&c., for flower-garden, i, 141, 260, 
