Orchid-houses (co¢.)— 
Construction of houses, &c.—use of old 
plant-houses, i, 558, 560; plans (illust. ) 
of intermediate and cool house, 1, 558, 
559; stages and floors, i, 559; heating, 
water- -supply, and tank arrangements, 
ii, 559, 560; shading arrangements 
(illust. 05 ore 
Humidity of atmosphere, regulation of 
moisture, &c., i, 562, 564. 
Single orchid-house — management of, i, 
557, 569. 
Temperatures—regulation directions, table 
of temperatures, &c., i, 557, 562, 564. 
Ventilation arrangements and regulation, 1, 
559, 564. 
Orchids— 
Arrangement of plants in houses, i, 566. 
Basket orchids—treatment of, i, 566, 568. 
Calendarial directions (see Orchid-houses). 
Classification of, 1, 565; meaning of terms 
‘‘terrestrial” and ‘“‘epiphytal” orchids, 
i, 563. 
Collecting orchids—selection of fresh im- 
ported orchids, 1, 561; time for collect- 
ing and manner of packing, &c., 1, 569. 
Cut flowers—treatment of in packing, &c., 
i, 568; arrangement for floral decor- 
ation, i, 649, 650. 
Disease ana insect pests—scale insects, 1, 
92, general treatment of insects, 1, 568, 
‘spot”’ disease treatment, i, 569. 
Foliage plants suitable for growing in same 
house as, 1, 560. 
Fresh imported orchids — selection and 
treatment, 1, 561, 562. 
General remarks on culture—native habitats 
of various species, &c., 1, 557, 558. 
Growing season treatment, 1, 565. 
Hardy and cold- framed orchids and 
satyriums—treatment of, 1, 564; species 
suitable for near water, descript. and 
illust., i, 386, 387. 
Houses for—construction, &c. (see Orchid- 
houses). 
Humidity of atmosphere, i, 562, 564. 
Hybridization and crossing—mode of pro- 
cedure, i, 61, removal of pollen-masses 
(illust.), i, 62: examples of wild hybrids 
found among tropical plants, i, 61; 
- illust.and treatment of artificially- -raised 
hybrids, 1, 567. 
Lists of showiest species, hybrids, &c.—de- 
script., cult., and illusts., 1, 570-582. 
Manure for—use of peat, &c., i, 155, 568. 
Potting — pots and protectors (illust.) for, 
i, 191, 192; potting materials, and time 
and methods of potting, i, 562-564. 
Propagation methods, i, 226, 227, 556; hy- 
brids, 1, 557. 
Pruning methods, i, 567. 
Resting orchids—damage by high ee 
Be i, 557, process of resting, &c., i, 
566, 
ae —damage by excessive tem- 
Bere, i, 557; native habitats of 
species, 1, 557, 558; table of tempera- 
tures ei regulation directions, 1, 562, 
564. 
Ventilation regulations, i, 564. 
Watering and syringing, i, 560, 561, 565, 
566. 
[For particular orchids, see titles Cattleya, 
Dendrobium, &c.] 
Orchis—species, &c., descript. and cult., i, 
367. 
Order or Family — botanical meaning of 
term, 1, 66. 
Oreopanax—species of, descript. and cult., 
1, 539- 
Organic matter in various soils-—table 
showing amount of, i, 150. 
Orgyia antiqua — (illust.), descript. and 
treatment, i, 97. 
Origanum — descript., uses, and cult. of 
species, il, 462. 
Ornamental Water 
grounds— 
Fountains in flower-gardens—use of, i, 269. 
in Pleasure- 
INDEX. 
Ornamental Water in 
(cont. )— 
Pleasure-grounds 
General directions for construction of arti- | 
&c., 
ficial lakes and uses of brooks, 
i, 282-284. 
Illust. of water-garden, i, 281. 
Structural decorations, construction of boat- 
house, Chinese pagoda, &c., 1, 281. 
Trees and shrubs suitable for planting on 
banks of, i, 281, 282, 283, 378. 
Walks in vicinity of—drainage of, i, 282. 
Ornithogalum—species, &c., descript. and | 
cult., i, 367, 368. 
Orontium aquaticum—descript. of, i, 386. 
Osage orange-tree—descript. of, i, 308. 
Osmanthus —calendarial directions, i, 19; 
descript. of O. Aquifolium and vars., 
i, 310, of O. ilicifolius for winter 
bedding, 1, 647. 
Osmu.tda—marsh species, &c., descript. of 
UO. regalis, i, 386; hardy species, &c., 
descript. and cult., i, 607. 
Ostrowskia ave ae — (illust.), 
script. and cult., 1, 368. 
Ostrya vulgaris, 0. virginica—descript. 
Ofselsesro: 
Otiorhynchus picipes—iillust.), descript. 
and treatment, 1, 80, 83 
Otiorhynchus sulcatus — (illust.), de- 
script. and treatment, 1, 80. 
Otiorhynchus pene DucCaue — descript. 
and treatment, 1, 89, 96. 
Otus vulgaris—as garden friend, i, 118. 
Ovary—formation of, i, 30, 48, 49, 52, fer- 
tilization of, 1, 53, 60, fruit formation 
and process of ripening (illust.), i, 56. 
Ovule—formation. of (illust.), i, 30, 48, 49, 
50, 52, 54; fertilization (illusts.), 1, 52, 
Sn 549 S79) 100s after fertilization 
(illust.), 1, 60. 
Owls—as garden friends, i, 117. 
Oxalis—descript. and cult. of hardy peren- 
nial species, &c. (illust.), i, 368, of 
greenhouse plants, 1, 539; O. crenata 
(illust.) and O. Acetosella as vege- 
tables, 11, 476, 524; foreign names of 
Oca, ii, 528. 
Oxera pulchella-—as a stove plant, i, 553. 
Oxlip— hybridization of, example (illust.), 
i, 61. : 
Oxycoccus palustris, 0. macrocarpus 
—descript., illusts., and cult., 1, 310; il, 
27/ta 272 
Oxydendron arboreum—descript. of, i, 
310. 
Oxygen—nutrition of plants, i, 43, 44. 
de- 
Oxylobium — species, &c., descript. and 
cult., 1, 5309. 
Oxytropis—species, &c., descript. and cult., 
i, 368. 
Ozothamnus rosmarinifolius—i(illust.), 
descript. of, i, 311. 
P 
Pachyphytum-—(see Cotyledon). 
Packing flowers—bouquets, &c., i, 650, 
boxes for flowers, ii, 360. 
Packing Fruits for Road or Rail— 
Apples and pears (see those titles, sub- 
heading Grading and packing). 
Bags—fruit packed in, disadvantages of, 
ll, 374. 
Barrels — use of in America and_ the 
colonies, rules as to size and methods 
of packing, Ml, 373,- 374. 
Baskets for “tlleetec use and merits of 
round, flat, and handle baskets, uy, 
371; 372+ : 
Boxes for — development of industry of 
box-making, ii, 368; fruits suitable for 
boxes, ll, 368, 369; disadvantage of 
large boxes, il, 369; shallow boxes, 
use of and method of securing together 
(illust.), ii, 369; sizes and prices of 
various forms, li, 369, of railway com- 
panies’ boxes, il, 370, of boxes used in 
colonies, &c. (illusts. }, li, 370, 371+ 
593 
Packing Fruits for Road or Rail ‘cont.)— 
Cases or crates—forms used in New Zealand, 
&c, (illust.), :i, 370, 371; use of cases 
for small packages, ll, 372; crate with 
fruit in handle-basket (illust.), ii, 372, 
373, crates for punnets of strawberries, 
&c. (illust.), 11, 373. 
Choice fruits — essentials in packing, ii, 
375; methods of packing grapes (illust.), 
ll, 375, 376, 380, pe aches, nectarines, 
and apricots, li, 187, 376, 377, figs and 
pine-apples, ii, 377. 
Exportation on shipboard—special systems 
for, 11, 365. 
Materials for packing—use and price of 
wood-wool, cotton-wadding, dry moss, 
straw, paper, &c., ll, 374, 375. 
Miscellaneous fruits—methods of packing 
melons and cucumbers, toma- 
toes, 11, 369, 372, 380. 
Packages for—questions of cost, strength, 
appearance, and size, il, 368; labels 
suitable, 11, 368. (See also sub-headin igs 
Boxes, Baskets, Cases, &c. 
Packers—employment of skilled and ort: 
nary labour, duties of packers, &c., 
73) 745 75s 367. 
Packing-houses, -rooms, 
struction of (illusts. of plans), and 
tables suitable for, &c., ii, 365-367. 
Preserved fruit—jam, ii, 348, dried fruit, ii, 
356. 
Railway rates for fruit convey oe and 
care of packages, &c., ii, 79, 365, 379. 
Small fruits—grading at time of packing, 
li, 377; methods of packing straw- 
berries, raspberries, and gooseberries, 
ll, 377, 378; crates for strawberries 
(illust. ), i1, 373. 
Stone fruits—plums, 1i, 377, 378, damsons 
and cherries, ii, 378. 
Value of proper packing and importance 
of grading, 11, 364, 365, 378. 
Weighing the fruit —arrangements and 
machines for, ii, 367. 
li, 380; 
or -sheds—con- 
Packing-houses, -rooms, or -sheds— 
construction (illusts.) and tables for, 
ll, 365-367. 
Packing Vegetables — artichoke, aspar- 
agus, li, 561; beans, beet, borecole, 
broccoli, ii, 562; Brussels sprouts, 
cabbages, cardoon, carrots, cauli- 
flowers, celeriac, celery, il, 563 ; chic- 
ory, cucumbers, endive, herbs, kale, 
kohl rabi, leeks, ii, 564; lettuces, maize, 
mushrooms, mustard and cress, il, 565: 
onions, parsnips, peas, potatoes, ii, 566; 
radishes, rhubarb, salsify, Savoy cab- 
bages, scorzonera, sea- kale, spinach, 
tomatoes, li, 567; turnips, vegetable 
marrow, water-cress, li, 568 ; hampers 
of vegetables, ii, 569. 
Peeony— tree pzonies| P. Moutan’—descript., 
cult., illust., and list of vars., i, 311, 
480, forcing directions, i, 621, 623; 
herbaceous ] pzonies—species, &c., de- 
script., cult., illust., and list of vars., 
i, 368, 480, 48r. 
Sane drooping disease— illust.), 
script. of, i, 130. 
Pale brindled beauty moth—descript. 
and treatment, i, 87- 
Paliurus aculeatus—descript. of, i, 311 
Palms— 
Calendarial directions, i, 2, 4, 9, to, 13, 18. 
Chusan palm or Trachycarpus excelsus— 
(see title Chusan Palm). 
Cycads (see that title). 
Decorative palms for conservatories, halls, 
&c.—descript. and treatment, i, 527, 
de- 
608. 
Descript. and history of various species, 
&c., is 608. 
General culture—soil and manure, i, r41, 
609, propagation, i, 608, potting or 
planting out in beds, temperature, &c. 
1, 609. 
Illusts. of palm-house and great palm stove 
at Kew, 1, 608. 
and treatment of 
» 92, 609. 
Insect ea ae 
scale insects, &c., 
