Phere 
Pears and Pear-trees (cont. )— 
Ornamental purposes—trees suitable and 
method of training (illust.), 11, 103. 
Packing (see sub-heading Grading and 
packing) 
Planting — distances, time and general 
directions, il, 112, 113; wall-trees, 
aspect, space required (illust.), &c., ii, 
Ow Swirs) Und. 
Pollination of pomaceous fruits—extract 
from report on, 11, 123, 124. 
Preserving—extent of trade in California 
and U.S.A., il, 96, 97, 131; processes 
of crystallizing, ll, 350, drying, i, 355, 
356, canning, i, 357; various methods 
and vars. Suitable, ii, 359. 
Propagation—methods of securing stocks, 
ll, 105, 106; effect of intermediate stocks 
and double-grafting, ii, 107, 108; modes 
of propagation, use and rearing of 
pear, quince, and intermediate stocks, 
il) 12750128, 150. 
Protectors for fruit (illust.), ii, 125. 
Pruning and training — ornamental trees 
trained as arcade (illust.), ii, 103; 
directions and illusts. for standards, 
ii, 114, 115, pyramids, il, 115-117, 
espaliers, iil, 117-119, cordons, Il, DO, 
120, dwarf ‘bushes, ll, 120, wall- -trees, 
ll, 120-122; root-pruning, 11, 124. 
Soil suitable and improvement measures, 
ie 27 LOS! 
Stocks—use, merits, and methods of secur- 
ing various stocks, ii, 105-108; inter- 
mediate stocks and double- grafting, 
ll, 107, 108. 
Storing—method and use of, ii, 126, 380, 
arrest of fermentation, loss of weight, 
&c., 11, 381; trays, preservative ma- 
terials, 11, 382-384, temperature, li, 384; 
vars. for, i, 386; cold storage, 1i, 388. 
Pears for Market— 
Californian pears — culture and export 
trade, 11, 96, 126, 131, 132, 134. 
Colonial trade—development of, ii, 132. 
Considerations and essentials for establish- 
ment of plantation and business, ii, 103, 
129; difficulties, expenses, and profits, 
il, 129, 130,135. (See also sub-heading 
Home trade. ) 
Foreign trade and competition—methods 
adopted in France and other countries, 
extent of export trade, &c., li, 130, 132. 
Gathering, grading, and packing—methods 
and necessity for attention t6, li, 130, 
133, 134, 135; foreign methods, i, 131, 
132, 134. 
Home trade—classes of fruit confined to, 
ll, 129, 130; conditions necessary to 
sale, chief sources of pear production, 
il, 132; summary of essentials, choice 
of vars., conveyance of fruit, &c., il 
133-135; price of pears, il, 133, 135. 
[For general cultural directions, &c., see 
title Pears and Pear-trees. ] 
Peat manure—formation and uses of, i, 
155, 163, 167. 
Peat-mould—amounts of nitrogen and or- 
ganic matter in, i, 150. 
' Peaty marls—as manure, i, 167. 
Pelargonium —calendarial directions, i, 3, 
Aeon AO, TL, T2013) 14, 15, 17, 18; 
descript., origin, and cult. of garden 
plants, i, 481, 482, zonal section (illust. ), 
1, 482, 483, fancy and show section 
(illust.), 1, 483-485, ivy-leaved section 
(illust.), 1, 485, 486, scented-leaved 
section, 1, 486; summer-bedding forms 
and directions, 1, 632, 636. 
Pellzea—species, &c., descript. of, i, 597. 
Pellionia—calendarial directions, i, 6; de- 
script. and cult., i, 554. 
Peltandra virginica—descript. and cult., 
1, 383. 
Pemphigus lactuarius— descript. 
remedies, i, 106. 
Penanga—descript. and cult. of palms, i, 611. 
Pennyroyal—descript. and cult., ii, 462, 
541; foreign names of, ii, 528. 
Pentapterygium — descript., cult., 
illust. of, 1, 540. 
and 
and 
INDEX. 
Pentas carnea—as a stove shrub, i, 554. 
Pentstemon—calendarial directions, i, 6, 8, 
14,16,17; hardy perennial species, &e.— 
descript., cult., and illust., 1, 369; popu- 
lar garden plants—origin, "cult., illust., 
and list of vars., i, 486, 487; summer- 
bedding forms and directions, i, 636. 
Peperomia argyrza—as a stove plant, 
i, 554. 
Peppermint—descript., uses, and culkt., ii, 
462; foreign names of mint, ii, 528. 
Peptones—as plant food, i, 44. 
Perdrix cinerea—as garden friend, i, 118. 
Perennials, Hardy Herbaceous— 
Border Ln eS preparation of ground, 
staking, &c., i, 340, 341; arrangement 
and selection ap plants, i, 341-343. 
Culture, selections of plants, and formation 
of garden suitable for, 1, 265, 266, 340. 
Illust. of herbaceous borders and beds, i, 
340. 
Lists—selections for border, i, 342, 343; 
descript., cult., and illusts. of select 
herbaceous and Alpine plants, i, 348- 
378. 
Shrubs suitable for planting with, i, 340. 
[See also titles Alpine Garden, Wild Gar- 
den; for particular plants, see generic 
titles. J 
Perianth of flower—formation of, i, 51. 
Perilla nankinensis—(illust.},for summer- 
bedding, 1, 636. 
Periploca grzca—descript. and cult., i, 
311. 
Perisperm—formation of, i, 57. 
Peristeria — species, &c., descript. 
cult., 1, 580. 
Periwinkle—descript. and cult. of shrubs, 
1, 325, for winter-bedding, i, 647. 
Pernettya—species, &c., descript. and cult., 
1, 311, P. mucronata for winter-bedding, 
1, 647. 
Peronospora viticola—(illust.), develop- 
ment and treatment, i, 128. 
Perry, production of—revival of trade, ii, 
97, 358; pear vars. suitable for, ii, 150. 
Persica Davidiana, P. vulgaris — de- 
script. of, i, 311; peach cult. (see title 
Peach and Nectarine). 
Persimmon sap-— production of from 
ate-plum tree, 11, 263. 
Persimmon tree—descript. and cult., i, 
and 
299, 534. (See also Date plum.) 
Pescatorea — species, &c., descript. and 
cult., 1, 580. 
Petals of flowers—formation of (illust.), 
1 Ee, 
Petiole—descript. of (illust.), i, 38, 30. 
Petroleum—as an insecticide, ii, 43; ma- 
chine for distribution of, ii, 42. 
Petunia—calendarial directions, i, 4, 10, 11; 
illust., descript., and cult., i, 396, 397; 
summer- bedding plants, i 1 636. 
Pewit—as garden friend, i, 117. 
Phacelia campanularia 
(@llusts) eee: 
Whitlavia — descript. 
and cult. of, 
1, 397- 
Pheenocoma prolifera — descript. and 
cult., 1, 540. 
Phaius—calendarial directions, i, 7, 11, 18; 
species, &c., descript., cult., and illust., 
1, 580. 
Phalzenopsis—calendarial directions, i, 8, 
13; species, &c., descript. and illust., 
1, 580, 581. 
Phanerogams—reproduction of, i, 48. 
Phaseolus multiflorus —(see Scarlet- 
runner). 
Phaseolus vulgaris — (illust.), descript., 
uses, and history of cult., il, 450; cult. 
(see Kidney bean). 
Phasianus colchicus—as garden friend, 
My TIS, 
Pheasant—as garden friend, i, 118. 
Phigalia pilosaria—descript. and treat- 
ment, 1, 87. 
Philadelphus—calendarial directions, i, 3, 
18; descript. and cult. of hardy orna- 
mental species, &c. (illust.), 1, 311, 312, 
| Phillyrea—-species, &c., 
of P. mexicanus as greenhouse plant, 
i, 540, of plants for forcing, 1, 623. 
| Philesia buxifolia — as a greenhouse 
shrub, i, 540. 
descript. and cult., 
i, 312. 
Philodendron — species, &c., 
cult., and illust., 1, 554. 
Phlebodium—(see Polypodium. 
Phlomis fruticosa—descript. of, i, 312. 
Phlox — calendarial directions, i, 14, 16; 
perennial species, &c., descript. and 
cult., i, 369; annual P. Drummondi, 
descript. and cult., i, 397; popular gar- 
den plants — descript., mere cult., 
illust., and list of vars., i, 487, 438 : 
spring- and summer-bedding forms and 
directions, i, 630, 636. 
Phoenix—species, &c., descript. and cult., 
i, 611, for subtropic cal garden, i, 645. 
Phormium — calendarial directions, i, 6; 
descript. and cult., i, 540, for sub- 
tropical garden, 1, 645. 
Phorodon Humuli Malaheb—descript. 
and treatment, i, 89. 
Phosphoric acid in soil and leaf-mould, 
1, 134, 137- 
descript., 
| Photinia — descript. of P. serrulata, &c., 
i, 312. 
Phycomycetes—plant diseases caused by 
fungi, 1, 128. 
Phygelius capensis—descript. and cult.,i, 
369. 
Phyllanthus—species, &c., 
cult., 1, 554. 
Phyllocactus—descript., origin, illust., and 
cult. of, 1, 488, lists of best species and 
garden vars., i, 489. 
Phyllopertha horticola — descript. and 
treatment, 1, 85, 105. 
Phyllostachys — descript. and illust. of 
species commonly called Bambusa, i, 
312; distinction of genus from Arundin- 
aria, 1, 312; cult. (see Bambusa). 
Phyllotznium—as a stove plant, i, 554. 
Phyllotreta nemorum— illust.), descript. 
and treatment, 1, 96, 97. 
Phylloxera vastatrix—leaf enemy, i, 89; 
descript., illust., and remedies for root 
enemies, i, 109, “tro. 
descript. and 
Physalis—species, &c., descript., cult., and 
illust., 1, 369, 370. 
Physostegia—species, &c., descript. and 
cult., 1, 369. 
Phyteuma. —species, &c., descript. and cult., 
i, 370. 
Phytomyza nigricornis — iillust.), de- 
script. and treatment, i, 83. 
Phytophthora infestans — (see Potato 
Disease). 
Phytoptus Ribis, P. Pyri—illusts.) 
script. and treatment, i, 72, 88, 89. 
Pica melanoleuca—as garden friend, i,r17. 
Picea—insect pest treatment, i, 328, descript. 
and cult. of species, &c., i, 331; P. ex- 
celsa, &c., for winter-bedding, i, 647. 
Pickaxe—descript. and use of, i, 173. 
Pickerel weed—descript. of, i, 383. 
Pickfork—(illust.), descript. and use of, i, 
174. 
Picks—descript. and use of, i, 173. 
Pieris—classification under various genera, 
i, 313; descript. and cult. of hardy 
species, &c., 1, 313; forcing forms and 
directions, 1, 623; winter-bedding plants, 
1, 647. 
Pieris Brassice, P. Napi—( illust.), 
script. and treatment, i, Sr. 
Pig’s-dung—as a manure, i, 162. 
Pilocereus—species, &c., descript. andcult., 
i, 620. 
Pimelia—calendarial directions, i, 8, 9; de- 
script. and cult., i, 540. 
Pimpinella Anisum—descript., 
uses of, 11, 391. 
Pincers—descript. and use of, i, 178. 
Pine-apple— 
Calendarial directions, ii, 534, 5 
544: 547, 549, 551, 553; 554) 
, de- 
de- 
cult., and 
