598 
Pruning— 
Appliances for—descript. and iilusts., i, 178, 
179, 180, 181, 252. 
Art of—abuse, object, and value of prun- 
ing, i, 251, 252. 
Calendarial directions for pruning and 
training of fruit-trees (see Calendar of 
Operations in the Fruit, &c., Gardens). 
Coal-tar for dressing wounds—use of, i, 254. 
Conifers—hardy, i, 328. 
Deciduous shrubs grown for their flowers— 
treatment of (illust.), 1, 256, 257. 
Dwarf stocky habit—development of in 
hardy shrubs, &c., i, 257. 
Evergreen shrubs—outlines and treatment 
of flowering shrubs, i, 256. 
Finger-and-thumb method and the use of 
knife or saw, i, 252. 
Greenhouse plants—root-pruning, &c., 1, 
257, 258, 525. 
Growth of plant—consideration of mode of, 
1, 46. 
Large Trees— 
Branch amputation — methods 
and effects of, 1, 253-255. 
Building-up of a tree—formation of trunk, 
&c., 1, 252, 253- 
(illust. ), 
Damaged by storm and fungous disease— | 
treatment of, 1, 251, 252. 
Root-pruning (see that sub-heading). 
Season for, i, 255. 
Shape for young tree of common type 
of growth (illust.), 1, 252, 253. 
Old or sickly trees—(illust.), restoration of, 
1, 253, 255- 
Pleasure-ground plantations, i, 274. 
Bueige method and use of operation, 
1, 258. 
Root-pruning—trench system, i, 257; to 
increase fruitfulness of fruit-trees, i, 
257; greenhouse flowering plants, 1 
258; orchards, apple and pear trees, 
i, 38, 68, 124. 
Stove or tropical plants, 1, 546. 
[For special tree, see its name. } 
Pruning bill—descript. and use of, i, 180. 
Pruning knife—(illust.), descript. and use 
of, 1, 178. 
Pruning saws—(illust.), descript. and use 
of, i, 179, 181. 
Pruning-shears, tree-pruner, and 
sécateur—(illusts.), descript. and uses 
of, 1, 179, 180. 
Prunus —hardy ornamental species, de- 
script., cult., and illust., i, 314, forcing 
plants ‘and directions, i 623. 
Prunus Armeniaca and the history of 
the apricot, il, 194. 
Prunus Cerasus and P. Avium and the 
origin of the cherry, ii, 204. 
Prunus communis (illust.), P. domes- 
tica, &c.—origin of the plum, damson, 
sloe, and bullace, ii, ee nisy dee 
American forms (illust.) ils 15%, 152) 
Preugolariz Me mpfertl desea of, 
» 332. 
Beenrcietes Dougilasii — (illust.), 
script. of, i, 332. 
Psila Rosge—(illust.), descript. and treat- 
ment, 1, 102. 
Psylla Pyri—(illust.), descript. and treat- 
ment, 1, 69, 70. 
Ptelea trifoliata and vars.—descript. of, 
de- 
1, 314. 
Pteris—decorative ferns, i, 584; descript. 
and cult. of stove and greenhouse 
plants, 1, 600, of hardy plants, i, 607. 
Pterocarya caucasica—descript. of, i, 
Pterostichus madidus—as garden friends, 
Pterostyrax—species of, descript. and cult., 
espa omiin cpéctes of, descript. and 
Gules 1,017. 
Ptychosperma—descript. of palms, i, 612. 
| Pulmonaria—species, &c., descript. aud 
culty) 372 
Pultenzea—descript. and cult. of shrubs, 
i, 541. 
Pulvinaria camellicola —descript. and 
treatment, i, 92. 
Pulvinaria Vitis—descript. and treatment, 
i, 70. 
Pumpkins—(see Gourds). 
Pumps -—for distribution of insecticides, 
illust. and use of, 1, 188. 
Punica Granatum-—as a hardy or green- 
house plant, 1, 314, 541. 
Purple Osier—descript. of shrub, i, 320. 
Purslane—descript., illust., uses, and cult., 
li, 503, 541; foreign names of, ii, 528. 
Pyrethrum —calendarial directions, i, 6; 
popular plants—descript. and cult. of 
P. roseum, i, 492, illust. and list of 
sorts, i, 493; plants for spring- and 
carpet-bedding, 1, 630, 640. 
Pyrus—hardy ornamental species, &c., 
script. and illusts., i, 314, 315, 
forcing (illust.), i, 623. 
Pyrus baccata, P. Malus, and the evo- 
lution of the apple, ii, 46, 47, 48, 80. 
Pyrus communis, P. nivalis, P. sin- 
ensis—(illusts.), and the origin of cul- 
tivated pears, 11, 96, 97, 98, 101. 
de- 
for 
| Pyrus germanica—(see Mespilus). 
| Pythium de-baryanum—cause and treat- | 
ment, 1, 128. 
Q 
Quassia mixture—as an insecticide, ii, 43. 
Quercus—species, &c., descript. of decidu- 
ous trees, evergreen trees and shrubs, 
1, 315- 
Quince— 
Calendarial directions, ii, 533, 536, 554- 
Descript., history, and uses of species of 
Cydonia cultivated under name of 
quince, 11, 259, 260. 
Gathering and storing the fruit, ii, 261. 
General culture—Japanese quince, ii, 259, 
Chinese quince (illust.), 11, 259, 260, 
common quince (illust.), 11, 259, 260. 
List of principal vars. cultivated for the 
fruit, 11, 261. 
Packing, barrels for—regulations as to 
size, &c., il, 373. 
Preserving—uses and directions, 
260, 349, 350, 360. 
Propagation — grafting quince and pear 
stock (illust.), i, 237-239; use of quince 
stock for pear-tree propagation (illusts.), 
li, 105-108, 127, 260; vars. of pears to 
be double-grafted on quince, li, 150; 
methods of ] propagation for the quince, 
li, 261. 
Pruning and training, ii, 260. 
Quinoa—(illust.), descript., uses, and cult., 
li, 503, 504; foreign names of, ii, 528. 
li, 259, 
R 
Rabbits—damage to bark, &c., protection 
against, i, 70. 
Radicle—structure and action 
32-35: 
Radish—seed quantities for cropping, ii, 391; 
descript., uses, and general cult. » i, 
504, 505; directions for forcing, saving 
seeds, il, 505; list (illusts.) of vars., i1, 
505, 506; foreign names of, ii, 528; 
calendarial directions, ii, 532, 536, 539, 
541, 544, 546, 548, 550, 552, 554, for 
forcing, ll, 534, 537, 542, 556 5593 
packing, il, 567. 
Railway boxes for fruit-conveyance— 
sizes, prices, and collection of, 11, 370. 
(illust.), 1, 
Pueraria Thunbergiana—as greenhouse | Railway rates for fruit-conveyance, ii, 79, 
plant, i, 541. 
135; 365. 
THE GARDENER’S ASSISTANT. 
| Rain and Rainfall— 
Apple culture—influence of, ii, 51. 
Combined nitrogen in—sources of the 
nitrogen of crops, i, 142. 
Composition of samples of rain from various 
districts—table showing, i, 143. 
Nitrogen, as ammonia and nitric acid, in 
the rainfall of three years at Rotham- 
sted—table showing, i, 142. 
Rain-gauge — (illust.), descript. and man- 
agement of, i, 24, 25. 
Rakes—(illusts.), descript. and uses of, i, 
174. 
Rammer-—(illust.), descript. and use of, i, 
175, 177- 
Ramondia-—species, &c., descript., cult., 
and illust., 1, 372. 
Rampion—descript., uses, cult., and illust., 
lil, 506, 507, 544; foreign names of, ii, 
528. 
Rana temporaria—as garden friend, i,119. 
Ranunculus—calendarial directions, i, 19; 
hardy perennial species, &c., descript. 
and cult., 1, 372; R. Lingua as aquatic 
plant, 1, 383; R. cortuszefolius as green- 
house plant, 1, 541. 
Rape—foreign names of vegetable, ii, 528. 
Rape-dust—as manure, i, 156. 
Raphanus sativus—descript., uses, and 
cult., i, 504. 
Raphiolepsis — hardy ornamental shrub, 
R. japonica, descript. of, i, 316; green- 
house shrubs, descript. and cult., 1, 541. 
Raspberries— 
Calendarial directions, ii, 533, 550, 554, 556. 
Descript., origin, &c., of cultivated forms, 
hybrid Rubi, &c., ii, 233, 234. 
Forcing in pots—treatment and sort suit- 
able for, ii, 236, 237. 
Insect pests—list of, ii, 237. 
List of selected vars.—descript. and illusts., 
li, 236, 237, 238. 
Market-gardening purposes—growing for, 
li, 75. : 
Packing—methods of, ii, 378, crates for 
(illust.), 11, 373. 
Planting—time and methods (illust.), 
234, 237- 
Preserving—processes of jam-making, i, 
346-348, 358, drying, il, 355, 356; rasp- 
berry vinegar, li, 363; vars. suitable 
and modes of, ii, 363. 
Propagation methods, i, 237. 
Pruning and_ training — arched training 
(illust.), 11, 234, 235; espaliers (illust.) 
and to rails, 11, 234, 235; trees fastened 
to stakes, li, 234, 235; cordons, ii, 235, 
236; mode of inducing fruit, il, 235; 
summer, autumn, and winter treatment, 
il, 235. 
Soil and situation, ii, 234; manurial appli- 
cations, li, 235. 
Storing — shelves for, ii, 383, ordinary 
method of storage, ii, 387, cold storage, 
li, 388. 
Raspberry beetle—(illust.), descript. and 
treatment, i, 73, 7 
BaEWPEnY vinegar — preparation of, ii, 
ii, 
363 
Rats—damage to fruit, seeds, &c., protection 
against, i, 78, 214, 383. 
Rattan palms—-descript. of, i, 610. 
oe of flower—formation of (illust. ), 
Red-bud ‘caterpillar — (illust.), descript. 
and treatment, 1, 73. 
Red cabbage—(see Cabbage). 
Red-footed beetle —descript. and treat- 
ment, 1, 89. 
Red-legged garden weevil-—-descript. and 
treatment, 1, 89, 90, 109. 
Red spider—descript. and treatment, i, go. 
Red valerian—descript. and cult., i, 353. 
Redwood tree—descript. and ola 1, 33. 
Reed mace—descript. and uses of, i, 384. 
Reeds-—-great reed, and Egyptian paper 
reeds, descript. of, i, 385. 
Reinwardtia—descript. and illust. of green- 
house plants, i, 541, 542. 
