Seeds, Propagation by— 
General remarks on—conditions necessary 
for successful propagation, 1, 223. 
Maturity and perfection of seeds, i, 223. 
Plants showing fungous disease—precaution 
against using seeds of, i, 124. 
Preserving seeds, i, 224. 
Sowing—time for, i, 224, 225; modes for 
open-air and indoor sowing, 1, 225, 226. 
[For special fruit, see its name—plants, see 
generic titles. ] 
Selaginellas—for rockeries, i, 585; descript., 
cult., list of species, &e., and illusts., i, 
6o1- -603. 
Selenipedium—species, &c., descript. of, 
ny fete 
Self-heal—descript. and cult., i, 371. 
Semasia Woeberana—(illust.), descript. 
and treatment, 1, 70. 
Sempervivum—descript. and cult. of hardy 
perennial species, &c., i, 374, of suc- 
culent plants (illust.), i, 620, 621, for 
spring- and carpet- -bedding, i i, 631, 640. 
Senecio—descript. and cult. of hardy peren- 
nial species, &c., 1, 374, of hardy annual, 
i, 398, of greenhouse plants (illust.), 1 
542, of subtropical garden plants, 1, 64 5. 
Sensitive plant—descript. and cult., i, 553. 
Sequoia—species, &c., descript. and cult., 
1, 333: 
Sewage manure—composition and uses of, 
ihe Sep 
Shaddock—(see title Oranges, Lemons, &c. ). 
Shallots—crops shallots may follow and be 
succeeded by, ii, 390; descript., uses, 
cult., and vars. of, ii, 516; foreign names 
of, 1, 528; calendarial directions, il, 
536, 539, 541, 548, 550, 554, 556. 
Shanking disease in vines—cause and 
treatment, ii, 291. 
Shears—iillusts.), hedge, lopping, garden- 
edging, pruning—descript. and uses 
Ofnis 178- -180. 
Sheep-laurel—descript. of, i, 306. 
Sheep’s-dung—cult. of mushrooms, ii, 464. 
Sheep’s scabious—descript. of, 1, 363. 
Shell-marls—as manure, i, 167. 
Shepherdia argentea—descript. of, 1, 320. 
Shield ferns—descript. of, i, 605. 
Shooting stars—descript. and cult. of, 1, 
357- 
Shortia—species, &c., 
illust., i, 374. 
Shovels—descript. and illust., i, 173, 174. 
Shrubs—(see titles Trees and Shrubs, Hardy 
Trees and Shrubs, Sea-side and Town 
Trees and Shrubs, &c.; for special 
shrubs, see generic titles). 
Sicilian beet—for the subtropical garden, 
1, 643- 
Sidalcea—species, &c., descript. and cult., 
1, 374- 
Side-saddle flowers—descript., illust.,and 
cult. of, 1, 514-516. 
Sieves—descript. and use of, i, 193- 
Silene—calendarial directions, 1, 5, 6, 14, 17; 
descript. and cult. of hardy perennial 
species, &c., 1, 374, of annuals, i, 308. 
Silpha opaca—descript. and treatment, i, 
79: 
Silphium—species, &c., descript. and cult., 
i, 374. 
Silver berry—descript. of shrub, i, 300. 
Silver ferns—descript. of, i, 594. 
Silver Y moth—(illust.), descript. and treat- 
ment, i, 92, 93. 
Sinapis alba—descript., uses, and cult., ii, 
466, 467. 
Siphonophora Lutea and§. circumflexa 
—descript. and treatment, 1, 73, 74. 
Siphonophora Rose, 8. rosarum—de- 
script. and treatment, i, go. 
Sitona crinita, S. Baier tate), de- 
script. and treatment, i, 87, 8 
Sitta europea—as a garden ee i, Tinie) 
Sium Sisarum—descript., 
ii, 516. 
descript., cult., and 
uses, and cult., 
| 
INDEX. 
Skimmia—species, &c., descript., cult., and 
illust., 1, 320, 321, for winter- -bedding, 
i, 647. 
Skirret—descript., uses, and cult., ii, 
541; foreign names Of, li, 523. | 
Skunk flower—descript. and cult. of, i, | 
Slaty or stony marls—as manure, i, 
Sleeping disease in tomatoes—cause 
treatment, ii, 341. 
Slime fungus on tomatoes—cause and 
treatment, il, 341. 
Sloes—use of for sloe gin, ii, 364. (See also 
title Plums and Damsons. ) 
Slug-worms—(illust.), descript. and treat- 
ment, i, 94. 
Slugs — descript. and treatment as leaf- 
enemies, i, 93, as garden friends (illust.), 
1, I21, 122. 
Small Ermine moth—iillust.), 
and treatment, i, 94, 95. 
Smilax —calendarial directions, i, 6; de- 
script. and cult. of hardy shrubs, i, 321, 
of greenhouse species, 1, 542. 
Smoke-tree—descript. of, i, 317. 
Smyrnium olusatrum — descript. 
uses, li, 391. 
Snails—as leaf-enemies, descript. and treat- 
ment, i, 93. 
Snake millipedes—as fruit and seed ene- 
mies, descript. and treatment, i, 78. 
Snapdragon — descript., cult., and _illust. 
of, 1, 401, 402; for summer-bedding, i, 
descript. 
and 
633. 
Snow-in-summer-—(illust.), descript. of, i, 
311. 
Snowball-tree—descript. of, i, 325, for 
forcing, i, 625. 
Snowberry shrub—descript. of, i, 321. 
Snowdrop — calendarial directions, i, 7; 
ane &c.—descript., cult., and illust. : 
, 359, for forcing, i, 627, for spring- 
eee 1, 630. 
Snowdrop tree—descript. of, i, 303: 
Snowflake—descript. and cult., i, 363, for 
spring-bedding (illust.), i, 630. 
Snowy fly—descript. and treatment, i, 95. 
Soapwort—descript. and cult. of hardy per- 
ennials, 1, 372, of hardy annuals, 1, 398. 
Sobralia—calendarial directions, i, 7, 8, 15; 
species, &c., descript. of, 1, 581. 
Soda—manurial uses of nitrate of, i, 170. 
Soil—as a source of food, water, and air to 
plants, i, 41-43. 
Soils— 
Azalea (see that title). 
Calendarial directions for preparation, &c., 
of flower-, fruit-, and kitchen-gardens 
(see Calendar of Operations in the | 
Flower-garden, &c.). 
Capillary power of soils, i, 135, 136. 
Carnation culture—composition of soil suit- 
able for, 1, 140. 
Chalk soils (see that title). 
Ferments of the soil—descript. of, i, 134. 
Fertility of—causes affecting, 1, 149, 150. 
Flower-gardens—soil for, preparation of 
ground, i, 141, 260, 261, 269. 
Formation of soil and its properties, i, 131- | 
134; elements necessary to plant-nutri- 
tion, analyses of soil, &c., 1, 41-43. 
Fruit- and kitchen- garden—soil suitable 
and improvement measures, ll, 2-4, 20, 
30; for fruit-tree borders, ii, 27-20. 
Greenhouse and conservatory plants, i, 524, 
527; ferns, i, 141, 583. 
Horticulture, different soils used in—com- 
position of various moulds, &c., tables | 
illustrating, i, 138-r4r. 
Humus or vegetable mould (see sub-head- 
ing Horticulture, also title Humus). 
Nitrification—process of, analysis of drain- | 
age water, &c., i, 132; active nitrifi- | 
cation without aid of manure, tritura- | 
tion as method of causing, i, 133; rate 
of, temperature a factor in determining, | 
ry aiey. 
Nitrogen and organic matter in various ; 
150. (See also title Nitrogen.) 
601 
Soils (cont. )— 
Orchard soil — analy of, improvement 
measures, &c., il, 33, 34- 
Orchid potting, i, oH 563, 564. 
Oxidation of—essential conditions to, i, 134; 
temperature a factor in determining 
rate of, i, 134. 
Palms —soil suitable for, i, 141, 609. 
Plant-food—soil as a source of and elements 
in soil necessary to plant-nutrition, 1, 
41-43, 132; exhaustion of plant- food 
in soils, 1, 147, 148. 
Sands—selection of and table showing com- 
position of road-scrapings, i, 141. 
Stove or tropical plants and ferns, i, 141, 
545) 583- 
Tillage of— preparation for various seasons, 
i, 133; some reasons for tillage, i, 148, 
149. 
Vines—analysis of soil from Spain, and 
composition of soil suitable for, i, 140, 
141, 261, 292. 
Water—absorptive and retentive power of 
soils and their constituents, i, 134, 135 
capillary power of soils and percentage 
amounts of water imbibed, 1, 135, 136. 
[See also generic names of plants. ] 
Solandra grandiflora—as a stove plant, 
1, 555- 
Solanum -— calendarial directions, i, 7, 9, 11, 
15; descript. and cult. of hardy orna- 
mental plant, i, 321, of greenhouse 
species, 1, 542, of stove species (illust. 
i, 555, Of plants for subtropical garden 
(iliust. ), 1, O45: 
Solanum Melongena— illust.), descript., 
origin, uses of fruits, and cultural direc- 
tions, il, 441, 442. 
Solanum tuberosum—descript. and his- 
tory of cult., 11, 487; cult. ‘see Potatoes). 
Solar radiation from morning to evening 
—table showing progress of, ii, 6. 
Soldanella — species, &c., descript. 
cult., 1, 374. 
Solomon’s seal—‘see Polygonatum). 
Solomon’s tears—descript. of plant, 1, 356. 
Sonchus laciniatus—for the subtropical 
garden, i, 646. 
Sonerila—species, &c., descript. and cult., 
1, 555- 
Soot—as a manure, i, 157. 
Sophora japonica—descript. of, i, 32r. 
Sophronitis—descript. and cult. of, i, 58z. 
Sorrel—uses, cult., and descript. of species 
and vars. cultivated, i, 517, 541; 
foreign names of, ii, 528; wood-sorrel 
(see that title). 
Southernwood—descript. of shrub, i, 280. 
Spades—descript. and illusts., i, 174, 
of turf-spade, 1, 175, 176. 
Spanish broom—descript. of, i, 32r. 
Sparaxis — calendarial rece i 
species, descript. and cult., i, 543. 
Sparmannia—descript. and cult. of green- 
house shrubs, i, 543, of S. africana for 
subtropical garden, i, 646. 
Sparrows-—as fruit and seed enemies, i, 75, 
as garden friends, i, 117. 
Spartium junceum—descript. of, i, 32r. 
and 
173; 
SEE ae species, &c., descript. 
and cult., i, 555. 
Spear-mint—descript., uses, and cult., ii, 
462. 
‘* Species ”— botanical meaning of term, i, 66. 
Specularia — species, &c., descript. and 
cult., i, 399. 
SER ES illust. 
1, 377- 
, descript. and cult. of, 
| Spergula pilifera—for carpet-bedding, i, 
j 040. 
Spherella fragarice— illust.), descript. of, 
1, 130. 
Spherogyne latifolia—as a stove plant, 
1, 555- 
Spherotheca pannosa— illust.) 
ment of, i, 124, 125. 
‘ Spiders—iillust.), as garden friends, i, 122. 
| Spiderwort— Qcccene and cult. of, i, 354, 
375- 
, develop- 
