188 



THE GARDENER'S ASSISTANT. 



Sprayers. — The importance of a knowledge 

 of how to overcome or prevent the wholesale 

 destruction of garden crops by the attacks of 



Fig. 230.— Knapsack Pump. 



insect and fungoid diseases has only recently 

 been recognized in English horticulture. Special 

 appliances are necessary to enable one to dis- 

 tribute an insecticide over the whole of the 

 trees in an orchard or a field of Potatoes, for 

 instance, and these are now to be had, chiefly 

 from French and American makers, who have 

 invented various kinds of pumps, sprayers, &c, 

 for use in orchards and other parts of the gar- 

 den. In some of them there is a contrivance 

 for thoroughly mixing kerosene with water as 

 it leaves the engine. The pests and diseases 

 for which these sprayers are used, and the 

 remedies to be applied by them, are dealt with 

 elsewhere. The two kinds of sprayer illus- 

 trated here are the " Knapsack Pump " (fig. 

 230), made of brass and 

 copper, which may be 

 carried on the back and 

 worked easily with one 

 hand, whilst the other 

 directs the spray deli- 

 vered through a piece of 

 hose a yard long. The 

 other is the "Brass Spray 

 Pump" (fig. 231), fitted 

 into a galvanized - iron 

 bucket, which may be 

 easily carried about. In 

 the United States large 

 spray -pumps are used, 

 which are driven by 

 gasolene engines carried 

 on four-wheeled horse-wagons. They are de- 

 signed to distribute solutions of copper-sulphate, 

 Bordeaux mixture, Paris -green, kerosene, am- 



Fig. 231.— Spray Pump. 



moniacal copper carbonate, sulphate of iron and 

 sulphuric acid, &c. 



An excellent "Hand Vaporizer" (fig. 232) is 

 supplied by F. Muratori, 26 Rue de la Folie- 

 Mericourt, Paris, price 25 francs. It holds 2 

 quarts of liquid, and is easily manipulated, dis- 

 tributing a vapour or spray in any direction, 

 and as it can be held in one hand, the other is 

 free to move leaves, &c. It will be found useful 

 both for applying insecticides and for dewing 



Fig. 



■Hand Vaporizer. 



Orchids, &c. Full directions for its use are 

 supplied with it. 



IV. Machines. 



Barrows are amongst the first requisites in 

 every garden. The common garden barrow is 

 too well known to need description. A barrow 

 of a different shape (fig. 233) is used in the 

 market-gardens about London. With the ex- 

 ception of the wheels, it is such as a handy 



ateppi^ 



Fig. 233.— Box-barrow. 



man can make in wet weather. The wrought- 

 iron barrow finds favour in some gardens. It 

 is light, moves easily, and is less likely to break 

 than a wooden one. One of the many forms of 

 iron barrows is shown at fig. 234. 



The Navvy's barrow is perhaps the best 



