SPRAYING FRUIT-TREES. 



41 



fitted with a " degorger " to clear the chamber 

 and aperture of any temporary obstruction. 

 This furnishes a conical and fine spray for small 

 trees. Fig. 837 shows another "Vermorel" 

 with four discharges similar in construction to 

 the last. Fig. 838 depicts the " Masson " Spray 

 Nozzle, which is furnished with a tap to regulate 

 the fineness of the spray, and which is also used 

 for shutting off the stream entirely when desired. 

 With brass and india-rubber pipe connections 

 of sufficient length it is possible, with good knap- 



sacks, to spray fruit-trees thoroughly up to the 

 height of 10 feet; they are therefore specially 

 adapted for bush or pyramid trees. For stan- 

 dards and larger trees more powerful machines 

 are required. They can be had now as barrels 

 on wheels, to be worked by one or two men, or 

 in still larger sizes to be drawn by horses, the 

 capacity of the reservoirs being from 50 to 100 

 gallons (or more), and the pumps having a 

 power equal to the distribution of the liquids 

 over the largest orchard trees. 



Useful portable forms of spraying apparatus 

 for plantations of small trees are illustrated in 

 figs. 839 and 840. Fig. 839 represents the 

 "Standard" Spray Pump, which is adapted for 



Fig. 839.—" Standard" Spray Pump. 



Fig. 840.— "Pomona" Barrel Spray Cart. 



fixing to any convenient form of wheeled car- 

 riage, so that it can be readily moved from 

 place to place as the work proceeds. The pump- 

 handle is furnished with a bar connected with 

 an " agitator " in the barrel (shown in outline), 

 by means of which the pumping action also 

 ensures that the substances being used are kept 

 in an even state of diffusion. This form has an 

 additional air-chamber on one of the discharge 

 spouts, by which a continuous spray is main- 

 tained, and it can be had fitted with two lengths 

 of hose or with one, as desired. The pump is 

 also formed so that it may be inserted in the 

 barrel as shown in the illustration, or with the 

 base resting on either of the ends. In fig. 840 

 another convenient form is depicted, namely, 

 the "Pomona" Barrel Spray Cart. The prin- 

 ciple of this is similar to the preceding, i.e. it 

 has a powerful lever -pump with agitator and 

 air-chamber; the latter is of steel with the work- 



ing parts of bronze without leather packings, 

 and the essential parts are easily accessible for 

 renewal or repair. The barrel is swung on a 

 light truck frame with iron wheels and broad 

 tyres. 



There are also pumps that can be fixed to 

 any ordinary strong barrel holding 20 or 30 

 gallons. Most of the larger machines are con- 

 structed to discharge from at least four sets of 

 hose at the same time, thus greatly facilitating 

 the work. The more powerful and best-made 

 garden-engines can be utilized for the same 

 purpose, as, with a suitable pipe attached, any 

 form of nozzle can be fitted to them. For large 

 trees and some infestations greater force is 

 essential than can be obtained in the ordinary 

 knapsack, and then these hand-engines are very 

 useful. 



For spraying large orchard trees the "Kero- 

 water" (fig. 841) is a useful machine which is 



