96 



THE GAKDENER'S ASSISTANT. 



D. T. Fish, see Warner's King. 



Duchess of Gloucester, see Duchess' Favourite. 



Early Crofton, see Irish Peach. 



Early Julien, see Early Julyan. 



Early Red Margaret, see Margaret. 



Fair Lady, see Early Julyan. 



French Crab, see Winter Greening. 



Glory of England, see Gascoyne's Scarlet Seedling. 



Glory of Flanders, see Brabant Bellefleur. 



Golden Drop, see Court of Wick. 



Golden Winter Pearmain, see King of the Pippins. 



Hick's Fancy, see Early Nonpareil. 



Ingestrie, see Yellow Ingestrie. 



Irish Pitcher, see Manks Codlin. 



Iron Apple, see Brabant Bellefleur. 



Jackson's Seedling, see Mr. Gladstone. 



Jacob's Strawberry, see Lady Sudeley. 



July Pippin, see Early Harvest. 



King Apple, see Warner's King. 



Lammas, see Margaret. 



Leather Coat, see Royal Pusset. 



London Major, see Lord Derby. 



Mother Apple, see American Mother. 



Never Fail, see Margil. 



Normanton Wonder, see Dumelow's Seedling. 



Nutmeg Pippin, see Cockle's Pippin. 



Old Golden Pippin, see Golden Pippin. 



Old Hawthornden, see Hawthornden. 



Ox Apple, see Gloria Mundi. 



Peter the Great, see Cardinal. 



Poor Man's Friend, see Warner's King. 



Pope's Apple, see Cobhain. 



Prince Bismarck, see Bismarck. 



Prince's Pippin, see King of the Pippins. 



Bed Hawthornden, see Greenup's Pippin. 



Bed Juneating, see Margaret. 



Sandringham, see The Sandringham 



Scarlet Incomparable, see Duchess' Favourite. 



Scorpion, see Harvey's Wiltshire Defiance 



Shepherd's Pippin, see Alfriston. 



South Lincoln Beauty, see Allington Pippin. 



Spring Bibston Pippin, see D'Arcy Spice. 



Stone's Apple, see Loddington. 



Summer Golden Pippin, see Yellow Ingestrie:. 



Summer Peach, see Duchess of Oldenburg. 



Tom Matthews, see Golden Spire. 



Watch Apple, see Cambusnethan Pippin. 



Wellington, see Dumelow's Seedling 



Wise Apple, see Court Pendu Plat. 



Woodstock Pippin, see Blenheim Orange Pippin. 



Yorkshire Beauty, see Greenup's Pippin. 



[R. l. c] 



CHAPTER V. 



PEARS. 



History — Evolution — Improvement — Flavour — For 

 Ornamental Purposes — General Culture — Dis- 

 tricts—Situation — Soil — Stocks — Double-graft- 

 ing — Forms of Trees — Arrangement and Dis- 

 tances — Planting — Pruning and Training — 

 Dwarf Bushes — Against Walls — Fertility and 

 Sterility — Routine Culture — Gathering— Pro- 

 pagation — Quince Stocks — Diseases — Pears for 

 Market — Foreign Trade — Home Trade — Select 

 List. 



As one of the most delicious dessert fruits 

 at the command of the British cultivator, the 

 Pear has attained a high degree of popularity 

 amongst those fruits which are generally hardy 

 in this climate. On the basis of general utility, 

 and for its dietetic value, it cannot be considered 



as rivalling the Apple, yet as a garden fruit, 

 and, in favourable situations, for commercial 

 purposes, it must always occupy a prominent 

 place. The fruits are especially appreciated for 

 their remarkably varied, distinct, aromatic fla- 

 vours, and for the peculiarly melting and butter- 

 like consistence of the flesh of a large number 

 of varieties. Then as regards the period during 

 which the fruit is available for use, the Pear 

 is unsurpassed, as while fresh fruits from the 

 earliest varieties can be had ripe from the trees 



Fig. 894.— Wild Pear (Pyrus communis). (Natural size.) 



in July, the latest varieties will retain their 

 good qualities until May or June, thus almost 

 completing the circle of the year. 



By far the most important use of the Pear 

 is as a dessert fruit, but this is by no means 

 the only way in which it can be extensively 

 utilized. For stewing or baking some varieties 

 are admirably adapted, and, in fact, this is a 

 purpose for which most of the later sorts are 

 suitable, and they can be so employed especially 

 in seasons or situations where the fruit is not 

 sufficiently matured for table use in a fresh 

 state. In America and elsewhere, where the 

 commercial cultivation of the Pear is conducted 

 on a large scale, "canning" or preserving the 

 fruits in syrup has become an important in- 

 dustry, the popular Williams' Bon Chretien, 

 under the name of Bartlett, being the variety 

 chiefly employed. 



