96 



The Readers' Service will put you 

 in touch with reliable nurserymen 



THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 



September, 1907 



More Grain, Less Chaff 



will result if you use a fertilizer 

 that contains plenty of 



Potash 



It is the plant-food without which good grain 

 cannot be grown. 



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 Protection 



HOW TO TREAT HEN MANURE 



F. J., Md. — The principles of fertilizer practice are very 

 imperfectly known and different investigators hold various 

 views. It is true that wood ashes and lime added to organic 

 manures do liberate nitrogen to some extent, also, when 

 added to dissolved phosphate rock cause to some extent, 

 the phosphoric acid to revert to insoluble forms. We be- 

 lieve this action of wood ashes on the dry organic manures, 

 hen, hog, and sheep, has been overestimated and that such 

 practice is advisable to increase the bulk of either ingredient 

 when the mixture is to be used at once. If you have large 

 quantities of each there is no necessity for mixing and noth- 

 ing to be gained by it. We do not agree with the authority 

 quoted as to using dissolved South Carolina rock with 

 manure. It is far cheaper and fully as effective to use the 

 fine ground untreated rock known to the trade as "floats." 

 The decomposition products of the manure will render its 

 phosphoric acid available. The price of floats is but one- 

 third that of dissolved rock. Hen manure is a complete 

 fertilizer in itself and is the richest in plant food of all the 

 farm manures. Whether it is advisable to use wood ashes 

 and phosphate rock in addition and how to use them, 

 depends entirely upon the crop to be grown, the physical 

 condition, productive capacity, and past treatment of the 

 soil. 



LIQUID FERTILIZER 



F. J. H., New York — Many of the concentrated forms 

 of fertilizer ingredients lend themselves readily to the making 

 of liquid manures, notably the nitrogenous and potassic 

 compounds. Phosphoric acid is less easily obtained in 

 soluble, concentrated forms. There is, however, one salt 

 on the market which is completely soluble. It is the 

 monobasic calcium phosphate, selling in commercial state 

 at ten cents for single pound lots. 



There is no great secret in making a good liquid fertilizer, 

 as the proportions admit of wide variation. Nitrate of 

 soda or sulphate of ammonia will furnish the nitrogen; 

 sulphate or muriate of potash will furnish potash, and the 

 salt mentioned above, the phosphoric acid. A formula 

 giving about 8 per cent, phosphoric acid, 4 per cent, nitro- 

 gen, and 4 per cent, potash, which is often used on truck 

 crops, may be made as follows: To one gallon of water 

 add 



I lb. nitrate of soda $.10 



I lb. monobasic calcium phosphate 10 



5 oz. sulphate of potash at 10 cents per pound .05 



#- 2 5 

 This is a very concentrated solution and must be diluted 

 twenty to thirty times when used to water plants. If used 

 when forcing plants or early vegetables to make green 

 growths, or on lawn, double the amount of nitrate of soda, 

 and decrease the calcium phosphate by half. If for plants 

 in pots use half the amount of nitrate and double the sul- 

 phate of potash; and use the diluted solution about once 

 a week. The prices given are at retail for small quantities. 

 In larger lots they may be bought so as to reduce the cost 

 to about sixteen cents a gallon. 



HOW TO MAKE COPPER CARBONATE 



J. F. B., Mass. — The ammoniacal copper-carbonate 

 solution is equally as good as Bordeaux but does not stick 

 so well. The advantage of it is that it leaves no stain. 

 Copper carbonate is not always procurable but may be 

 made at home, the only ingredients necessary being blue 

 vitriol (copper sulphate) and sal soda. The following recipe 

 will make one pound of copper carbonate so that the delay 

 of drying and weighing it out will be unnecessary. To make: 

 Dissolve two pounds of copper sulphate (blue stone, blue 

 vitriol) in two gallons of hot water; put in a keg or small 

 barrel and add six gallons of cold water. In a separate 

 vessel, dissolve two and one-half pounds of sal soda (washing 

 soda) in two gallons of hot water. When this is cold, pour 

 it slowly into the copper sulphate solution, stirring the latter 

 vigorously at the same time. A precipitate of copper 

 carbonate, which is a fine, blue-green powder, insoluble in 

 water, will result. This precipitate must be allowed to 

 settle over night and the clear liquid siphoned off the follow- 

 ing day. Then fill the barrel again and stir well, allow the 

 copper carbonate to settle over night, and again siphon off 

 the clear liquid; this removes most of the- undesirable 

 sodium sulphate. Filter the precipitate on a heavy muslin 

 strainer to drain off the excess moisture and dry it in the 

 air, when it is ready for use. If the operation has been 

 carefully done and no precipitate washed or siphoned away, 

 there will be very nearly one pound of dry copper carbonate, 

 the selling price of which is about forty cents. Buying the 

 ingredients at retail, the cost exclusive of the labor is about 

 twenty-eight cents per pound. By buying in larger quan- 

 tities, this may be reduced to as little as eighteen cents. 



