IRRIGATION WORK IN CALIFORNIA. LXXXYV. 
San Gabriel and San Joaquin Valleys. It is understood, 
however, that insome of the wells compressed air is used for 
raising water, and although the efficiency of the system is 
variable from 23-60%, it has advantages in respect of 
simplicity, and is not deranged by the presence of grit in 
the water. In applying this system the well casing is 
sunk to the water-bearing stratum in the usual manner, 
and an air pipe is lowered down the casing until it is 
submerged sufficiently to throw up water. The actual 
submergence and the sizes of the air pipe and the air 
nozzle, are matters of nice adjustment in order to obtain 
the best results. A well from which water was drawn by 
this system, was seen in operation, but the water raised 
was not being used for irrigating. 
At Pomona a rig or buggy was obtained and a drive 
taken through the orange orchards in the neighbourhood. 
A number of pumping stations were visited. The first of 
these was just outside Pomona. The pump-house is a light 
wooden structure, cheap toa degree. It contains a 20 h.p. 
3 phase motor, operating at 440 volts, 50 cycles, and driving 
a 10 in. X 24 in. Addison deep well pump, capable of 
lifting 320 gallons per minute. The well was about 200 
feet deep, the depth to the water 110 feet; the motor is 
connected by a belt which has an advantage over a direct 
drive, in being to some extent a safety device in the event 
of any obstruction entering the pump. Electricity was 
supplied to the motor by a 10,000 volt overhead 3 phase 
transmission line forming part of the system owned by the 
Hdison Company of Los Angeles. This company uses 
water power to generate electricity in several power 
houses built in the canyons, opening into the valley. From 
these, electricity is transmitted at 33,000 volts, over a 
distance of some 88 miles to Los Angeles. At Pomona, 
which is on the route of the transmission line, and some 60 
