46 
THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 
FEBRUARY, 1916 - 
_ 
Vi Profitable Winter Growing 
made possible and pleasant for every man in city 
or country who holds a little ground, with an 
=| equipment low in first cost, economical in oper- 
——— ation, labor saving and lasting a lifetime — all 
accomplished through the 
Callahan Duo-Glazed Sash System 
Greenhouses of convenient size, built in sections, garden frames with or without hot 
water heating systems, hotbed sash requiring no covering or shutters, greenhouse 
supplies, single sash, etc. 
These goods are guaranteed satisfactory. Made of 
best Louisiana Red Cypress— ‘‘the wood eternal” 
Write for catalog showing full line. Mention 
whether you are interested 1n greenhouse or sash. 
SN 
TASLN CALLAHAN DUO-GLAZED SASH CO. 
© 137 Wyandot St. Dayton, Ohio 
| : lant for Tee Effect 
Not for Future Generations. 
TART with the largest stock 
that can be secured! It takes 
over twenty years to grow many 
of the Trees and Shrubs we offer. 
We do the long waiting—thus ena- 
bling you to secure trees and 
shrubs that give immediate results. 
Price List Now Ready. 
Chestnut Hill. 
Phila, ae 
Box G 
ORRA i LURSERIES 
Wm.Warner Harper Proprietor 
LANDSCAPE PLANS 
Systematic original designs of your own grounds 
with carefully prepared blue prints showing 
EXACTLY WHAT TO PLANT 
EXACTLY WHERE TO PLANT IT 
Do Your Own Wate zie aa 
Landscape Work 
“Strawberry Plants that Grow” 
“PROGRESSIVE” the Best of the Fall- 
Bearers, aiso all of the Standard June Sorts, 
including our Wonderful New Seedling, 
“COLLINS.” We also have the Best Va- 
_rieties ot RASPBERRY, BLACKBERRY, 
CURRANT and GRAPE PLANTS. Our 
1916 Catalog describes all of these, also 
tells how you can get one year’s subscrip- 
tion to the GARDEN MAGAZINE Ab- 
Solutely FREE. 
C. E. WHITTEN’S NURSERIES 
Box 10 Bridgman, Mich. 
builder can in- 
telligently pur- 
: chase his stock, 
plant it correctly and develop his grounds to the highest 
standard of attractiveness at the lowest cost—zo years’ ex- 
perience, North and South. Estimates free. 
GEO. B. MOULDER, Smiths Grove, Kentucky 
GROWN IN NEW JERSEY 
under soil and climate advantages, Steele’s 
Sturdy Stock is the satisfactory kind. 
Great assortment of Fruit, Nut, Shade 
and Evergreen Trees, Small-fruit Plants, 
Hardy Shrubs, Roses, etc. Fully des- 
cribed in my Beautiful Illustrated Des- 
criptive Catalogue—it’s freel 
T. E. STEELE 
Pomona Nurseries Palmyra, N. J. 
Hardy Northern Budded Pecan 
and English Walnut Trees 
Bear young, thin shell, large size, splendid quality. : 
Special Nut Catalogue on request. Cherry Trees: 
and general line of other Nursery Stock. 
VINCENNES NURSERIES, Vincennes, Ind. 
1 
{ 
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THE READERS’ SERVICE gives 
information regarding Poultry, Ken- 
nel and Live Stock. 
Stn Syma be 
Z ugged Stoc 
at Ss NEW ENGLANDERS have always pera 
§ ¢ riz atough andhardy clan. The rugged- 
sD MES ness of the climate makes them that way. It 
Lh a likewise accounts for the sturdy, rugged, 
never-say-die kind of trees, shrubs, and 
plants that grow right here in our Nurseries. 
It’s the kind it pays to buy. 
Springtime Plans 
Now that things are quiet outdoors, you 
have a little time for thinking and plan- 
ning for your garden pleasures. Ourcatalog 
you will find both a help and a pleasure. 
You ll find itinteresting reading. Quite 
= KS 
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North Abington, Mass. 
up to the latest. It is full of good things 
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Remaking a Poor Garden Soil 
NESS home gardens have soils so poor that a 
satisfactory growth of fruit and vegetables 
can not be secured. It may be on account of under- 
lying rock formations, or clay formations, or the 
garden may be too wet or too dry, but in any case 
the conditions are discouraging, viewed from the 
standpoint of the success of the things you would 
like to plant. Generally these gardens are located 
in the only space available and a néw garden can not 
be had. Yet you would like to have a garden soil 
that is first class. The problem resolves itself into 
how to make over the poor soil so it will be rich, pro- 
ductive, moisture-retaining and generally satis- 
factory. 
Remaking a poor soil is entirely practicable and 
it will not cost you very much in either labor or 
money. A few dollars in real money spent for wages 
for work wisely directed will go a long way in the 
garden. As for materials needed, you can use the 
most expensive fertilizers lavishly. Fertilizers are 
commodities manufactured and sold to be used 
profitably on large farms, and in your little eighth- 
acre garden the cost of the heaviest application will 
be comparatively insignificant. 
No attempt will be made here to explain soil 
processes, or to give the technical reasons for the 
suggestions offered. Follow the directions and you 
will produce results. The objects to accomplish 
in transforming a poor soil can be classed roughly 
into five divisions. The texture of the soil must be 
changed and improved; drainage must be secured 
if not present; the soil must be made to hold mois- 
ture better than it now does; it must be better sup- 
plied with plant foods; and it must be filled with 
organic matter. 
The materials you can use in securing these ob- 
jects are cut straw or hay, buckwheat hulls, leaves or 
other similar vegetable matter, turnips and other 
such heavy-rooted crops, leguminous crops and 
mulches, and commercial petash, phosphorus, 
nitrogen and lime, in the different forms available. 
You can use cut weeds instead of straw or hay, and 
you can use manure. But it is not wise always to 
do so, because these materials may fill your garden 
soil with weed seeds that will be a curse for years. 
Plow up or dig up the ground eighteen to twenty- 
four inches deep. If there is slate, hardpan or clay 
within four feet of the surface, break this up with 
dynamite. Unless the subsoil is very sandy, I would 
blast it anyhow, though much more mildly than if 
it was composed of rock or clay. 
Provide a large quantity of the straw or hay cut 
into three or four inch lengths—half a ton or so, to 
start with. Then make piles of the garden earth 
and this cut hay, taking twelve or eighteen inches 
off the surface of the entire garden. Put a six-inch 
layer of hay and then six inches of earth, alternating 
them, till you get the pile three or four feet high. 
Permit these piles to remain a year, or at least over 
one winter. Keep them moist if possible. but not 
soggy wet, If you want to improve their appear- 
ance and aid in the improvement process, sow all 
over them crimson clover, vetch or cow peas. The 
growth of these plants will not interfere with the 
weathering you want, nor with the freezing over 
winter. 
Mixing the earth with vegetable matter is for the 
purpose of improving the texture of the soil and fill- 
ing it with organic matter, to the end that it will 
have the granular, crumbling nature which is easily 
worked and which holds moisture. The next season 
spread out the piles. The piling never will need to 
be done again. 
Either while you are building the piles of dirt and 
hay, or when you spread the piles out, mix with the 
soil the following commercial tonics and medicines: 
Ground limestone at the rate of four to six tons an 
acre, or hydrated lime at the rate of two thousand 
pounds an acre. The former should be renewed, 
on the surface and raked in, every six years; the 
latter every three years. Ground phosphate rock, 
raw, three tons an acre, or Thomas slag, one and a 
half to two tons an acre (and cut the lime applica- 
tion the same amount). ‘ Muriate of potash, three 
hundred pounds an acre, or kainit twelve hundred 
pounds an acre, or unleached wood ashes three 
thousand pounds an acre (cutting down the lime the 
same number of pounds). 
After the piles are spread out and just about the 
time you plant your first crops in the new soil, apply 
